7 do most of the animals that provide parental care have many or few young? 8 where do most animals live that give no parental care to their young? 9 in table 3 of part c, which of the animals do not fit the pattern between habitat and kind of fertilization seen in part a? explain. 10 the dragonfly spends cares for its eggs and young while the rainbow trout does not. which animal probably has a greater number of young survive to reproduce? explain. 11 explain why each of the following points is true. a. the type of fertilization of an animal is different between animals that live on land and those that live in water. b. the number of eggs produced by an animal is different between animals that have internal fertilization and those that have external fertilization. c. the number of young that survive differs between animals that have internal fertilization and those that have external fertilization. d. the number of young that survive differs between animals that give parental care and those that do not give parental care.

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Accepted Answer

To answer these questions, we analyze each part based on concepts of animal reproduction (fertilization types, parental care, survival of offspring):

### Question 11 (a)
**Explanation**: Animals on land (e.g., mammals, reptiles) often use internal fertilization (sperm meets egg inside the body) to protect gametes from drying out. Aquatic animals (e.g., fish, amphibians) often use external fertilization (gametes released into water), as water prevents gametes from drying and helps with movement. So, the environment (land vs. water) drives different fertilization methods.
**Answer**: The type of fertilization differs because land animals need to prevent gametes from desiccation (drying out), so they use internal fertilization. Aquatic animals can release gametes into water (external fertilization), as water supports gamete survival and movement.

### Question 11 (b)
**Explanation**: Animals with external fertilization (e.g., fish, frogs) release many eggs into water. This is because external fertilization is “hit-or-miss” (gametes may not meet), and many eggs are needed to ensure some fertilize. Animals with internal fertilization (e.g., mammals, birds) release fewer eggs, as fertilization is more controlled (sperm meets egg inside the body), so fewer eggs are needed to ensure success.
**Answer**: Animals with external fertilization produce more eggs (to compensate for low fertilization success in open water). Animals with internal fertilization produce fewer eggs (since fertilization is more efficient inside the body).

### Question 11 (c)
**Explanation**: Internal fertilization (e.g., mammals, some reptiles) protects embryos inside the parent, reducing predation and environmental risks. External fertilization (e.g., fish, frogs) exposes eggs to predators, water currents, and harsh conditions, so fewer offspring survive. Thus, internal fertilization increases survival odds, so fewer offspring need to be produced to maintain population.
**Answer**: Animals with internal fertilization have higher offspring survival (due to protection inside the parent). External fertilization exposes eggs to more risks, so fewer offspring survive.

### Question 11 (d)
**Explanation**: Animals with parental care (e.g., mammals, birds) invest time/energy in raising young (e.g., feeding, protecting). This increases offspring survival, so they produce fewer young (since each has a higher chance to live). Animals without parental care (e.g., most fish, insects) produce many offspring (to compensate for low survival, as offspring fend for themselves).
**Answer**: Animals with parental care (e.g., mammals) have fewer young, as care increases survival. Animals without parental care (e.g., fish) produce more young, as survival is lower without care.

### Question 10
**Explanation**: The sturgeons (external fertilization, no parental care) produce many eggs but few survive to reproduce (due to predation, environmental risks, and lack of care). Rainbow trout (if they have some parental care, or more efficient fertilization) might have higher survival, but the key is: Sturgeons use external fertilization (many eggs, low survival), so even though they produce many eggs, few survive to reproduce. Rainbow trout (or other species with better survival mechanisms) may have more offspring survive because of better fertilization efficiency or care.
**Answer**: The sturgeon produces many eggs (external fertilization, low survival odds), so few survive to reproduce. A species with internal fertilization or parental care (e.g., rainbow trout with some care) has higher survival, as offspring are better protected.

### Question 9
(Note: The table reference is missing, but generally:)
**Explanation**: Terrestrial animals (land) and aquatic animals differ in reproduction: Terrestrial use internal fertilization (to avoid desiccation), produce fewer eggs with higher survival (often with care). Aquatic use external fertilization, produce many eggs with lower survival (less care). The pattern relates to environment (water vs. land) driving fertilization type, egg number, and survival.
**Answer**: Terrestrial animals (e.g., mammals) use internal fertilization, produce fewer offspring with higher survival (parental care). Aquatic animals (e.g., fish) use external fertilization, produce many offspring with lower survival (no care). The pattern is shaped by environmental needs (water for aquatic, land for terrestrial) and survival strategies.

### Question 8
**Explanation**: Animals with full parental care (e.g., mammals, birds) invest in raising young (feeding, protecting), so offspring survival is high. Thus, they produce fewer young (since each has a high chance to live). Animals with no parental care (e.g., most fish, insects) produce many young (to compensate for low survival, as offspring fend for themselves).
**Answer**: Animals with full parental care produce fewer young (high survival from care). Animals with no parental care produce many young (low survival, so quantity compensates).

### Question 7
**Explanation**: Animals with parental care (e.g., mammals, birds) have fewer young because care increases survival (offspring are protected, fed, and guided). Without care, animals (e.g., fish, insects) produce many young to ensure some survive (since offspring face more risks alone).
**Answer**: Animals with parental care have fewer young because care boosts survival (so fewer are needed). Animals without care produce many young to offset low survival.

These answers use core concepts of animal reproduction (fertilization types, parental care, and survival trade-offs) to explain the patterns.

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Explanation:

Question 11 (a)

Answer:

Question 11 (b)