Question

1 multiple choice 20 points how do greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, contribute to the greenhouse effect? sev2b they absorb and reradiate infrared radiation (heat) radiating from the earths surface, preventing it from escaping into space. they block all solar energy from reaching earths surface. they convert methane into harmless carbon and hydrogen molecules. they create a protective layer that reflects infrared radiation (heat) away from earth. 2 multiple choice 20 points a team of researchers analyzes atmospheric data and finds that a volcanic eruption has released a large amount of co2 into the atmosphere. based on this event, what would be the most likely long - term impact on the greenhouse effect? sev2b no noticeable effect, as volcanic emissions of co2 are fully absorbed by oceans and forests within a few months a massive, immediate spike in global temperatures followed by a rapid return to normal levels as the co2 is absorbed. a temporary cooling effect due to the release of volcanic ash and aerosols, which would then be followed by warming from the co2 a measurable but small increase in global temperature over a very long period due to the 100 - year atmospheric lifetime of co2 3 multiple choice 20 points the deforestation of a tropical rainforest results in a significant release of carbon into the atmosphere. what two distinct processes contribute to this increase in atmospheric co the burning of trees, which releases stored carbon, and the loss of a carbon sink, which would have absorbed co the release of ozone from the trees and the creation of more water vapor. the decomposition of leaves and an increase in solar radiation reaching the ground. the reduction of photosynthesis and the release of methane from the decaying trees. 4 multiple choice 20 points a weather forecaster notes that the past year has been unusually warm in the eastern pacific ocean, leading to a mild winter in the united states and a severe drought in australia. this pattern is consistent with historical data from a specific short - term natural climate cycle. what cycle is the forecaster most likely referring to? sev2a the la niña southern oscillation (enso) in its cold phase the milankovitch cycle of axial precession. a major volcanic eruption in the pacific ocean. the el niño - southern oscillation (enso) in its warm phase. 5 multiple choice 20 points according to national geographic, an el niño event is very likely under way, amping up extreme weather already made worse by climate change and increasing the odds that 2019 will be the hottest year in recorded human history. there is an 80 percent chance a full - fledged el niño has already begun and will last until at least the end of february 2019, according to the climate prediction center at the national oceanic and atmospheric administration. it is thought that the impacts of el niño have been more severe in recent years because of global warming, and hypothesized that these impacts will be worse as temperatures continue to rise. the top four hottest years have been among the last four shown on this graph, 2015 - 2018, driven by increased emissions of heat - trapping carbon dioxide (co2) - which have also reached record levels, according to the world meteorological organization (wmo). the earths climate has been warmer than the 20th century average over the last 406 consecutive months. that means no one under the age of 32 has ever experienced a cooler - than - average month. does the graph provided support these claims? sev2a no, the data shown only shows normal variations in temperature ranges and does not clearly indicate any kind of global warming. no, the data shown does not cover all of the areas on earth and therefore cannot support a global climate fluctuation such as el niño. yes, the data clearly shows particularly rapid warming in the past few decades and as predicted, the current trends indicate that this warming will be followed by a cooling trend in the near future. yes, the data clearly shows particularly rapid warming in the past few decades and all four measurements show the last decade as the warmest. the trends indicate that warming will continue as predicted by scientists.

Explanation:

1. Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane absorb and reradiate infrared radiation from Earth's surface, trapping heat and contributing to the greenhouse effect.
2. CO2 from volcanic eruptions has a long - term impact due to its 100 - year atmospheric lifetime, leading to a small but measurable increase in global temperature over a long period.
3. Deforestation releases carbon through burning of trees (releasing stored carbon) and loss of carbon sinks (which would have absorbed CO2).
4. The El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in its warm phase is associated with unusual warming in the eastern Pacific Ocean, mild winters in the US and droughts in Australia.
5. The graph shows a clear upward trend in temperature anomalies over the years, indicating rapid warming in the past few decades and supporting the claim that warming will continue as predicted by scientists.

Answer:

1. They absorb and reradiate infrared radiation (heat) radiating from the Earth's surface, preventing it from escaping into space.
2. A measurable but small increase in global temperature over a very long period due to the 100 - year atmospheric lifetime of CO2.
3. The burning of trees, which releases stored carbon, and the loss of a carbon sink, which would have absorbed CO2.
4. The El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in its warm phase.
5. Yes, the data clearly shows particularly rapid warming in the past few decades and all four measurements show the last decade as the warmest. The trends indicate that warming will continue as predicted by scientists.