Question

multiple select question
select all that apply
which of the following can damage the fathers sperm?
□ diagnostic x - rays performed in the year prior to fertilization
□ high lead exposure
□ doing strenuous physical labor
□ advanced paternal age

Explanation:

• Diagnostic X-rays are a form of ionizing radiation, which can cause DNA damage in sperm cells when exposed in the year before fertilization.
• High lead exposure is a toxic environmental factor that can impair sperm quality and cause genetic damage in sperm.
• Advanced paternal age is linked to increased DNA mutations and damage in sperm due to accumulated cellular errors over time.
• Strenuous physical labor does not cause direct damage to sperm DNA or structure in a way that fits the question's criteria.

Answer:

• diagnostic X-rays performed in the year prior to fertilization
• high lead exposure
• advanced paternal age