Question

multiple select question
select all that apply
in the u.s., which of the following situations would lead to a mother being advised to abstain from breastfeeding?

baby diagnosed with galactosemia (a genetic metabolic disorder)
taking a drug that follows an anti - retroviral protocol
infection with the covid - 19 virus
exposure to radiation
infection with the aids virus

Explanation:

• Galactosemia: Breast milk contains lactose, which breaks down into galactose; infants with this disorder cannot metabolize galactose, so breastfeeding is dangerous.
• HIV (AIDS virus): In the U.S., breastfeeding is not recommended for HIV-positive mothers due to transmission risk.
• Radiation exposure: If a mother has high radiation exposure (e.g., from treatment), breast milk may contain harmful radiation, requiring abstinence.
• COVID-19: Mothers with COVID-19 are advised to breastfeed with precautions (mask, hand hygiene), not abstain.
• Standard antiretroviral protocols for HIV (when suppressed) may allow breastfeeding in some regions, but in the U.S., abstinence is still advised for HIV-positive mothers; however, standalone antiretroviral use without HIV does not mandate abstinence.

Answer:

• baby diagnosed with galactosemia (a genetic metabolic disorder)
• exposure to radiation
• infection with the AIDS virus