Question

name: chloe daylen date: 9 - 24 - 25 period: 2 study guide: macromolecules, seeds, and energy transformations this study guide is meant to highlight key ideas and give you practice questions. it is not a complete review of everything weve covered. to be fully prepared, you should go back through your class notes, activities, and assignments. be sure you can apply your knowledge, not just memorize facts - for example, by explaining processes in your own words, drawing models, and connecting different concepts together. part 1: whats inside a seed? key ideas • seeds contain an _, _, and a _ (protection). • germination requires what three materials? • until photosynthesis begins, the seed depends on its _ for energy. part 2: macromolecules a. carbohydrates • elements: _ in a _ ratio • monomer: _ (ex: _) • polymer: _ (e.g., starch, glycogen, cellulose) • function: _ • why is starch important in seeds? b. lipids • elements: _ (little _); phospholipids also have _ • types: saturated ( _ bonds), unsaturated ( _ bonds) • functions: _ • what makes lipids different from carbohydrates in terms of energy storage? • what type of lipid forms the main structure of cell membranes? c. proteins • elements: _ (sometimes _)

Explanation:

• Seeds: Seeds contain an embryo, endosperm, and a seed - coat (for protection). Germination requires water, oxygen, and a suitable temperature. Until photosynthesis begins, the seed depends on its endosperm or cotyledons for energy.
• Carbohydrates: Elements are carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio. Monomer is a monosaccharide (e.g., glucose). Polymer is a polysaccharide. Function is to provide energy. Starch is important in seeds as it is a stored form of energy for the germinating seed.
• Lipids: Elements are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (little oxygen); phospholipids also have phosphorus. Types are saturated (single bonds), unsaturated (double bonds). Functions include energy storage, insulation, and protection. Lipids store more energy per gram than carbohydrates. Phospholipids form the main structure of cell membranes.
• Proteins: Elements are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen (sometimes sulfur).

Answer:

• Seeds: embryo, endosperm, seed - coat; water, oxygen, temperature; endosperm or cotyledons
• Carbohydrates: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, 1:2:1; monosaccharide, glucose; polysaccharide; provide energy; stored energy for germination
• Lipids: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, oxygen, phosphorus; single, double; energy storage, insulation, protection; store more energy per gram; phospholipids
• Proteins: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur