Question

porifera cloze reading #2: anatomy, cells, & body plans
sponges take on different shapes and body plans, but most sponges share common structures. all sponges have a frame to support their body; however, the composition of the frame varies. some sponges contain a soft and flexible collagen protein called _____________. this protein is made by cells called ________________. harder sponges contain sharp microscopic structures known as _____________. these glassy structures are made by cells called ___________. surrounding the frame of the sponge is a layer of ________________, flat cells that are like the “skin” of a sponge. pinacocytes also contain a jelly - like substance known as _____________. this substance fills a sponge and is filled with other ___________. some sponges have a large central cavity known as the _____________. sponges are sessile and not prone to moving much. their __________________ anchors them to a rock or solid surface.
the flow of water is crucial to the survival of a sponge. sponges obtain _____________ and ________________ from the water as it passes through their body. this pumping behavior is controlled by cells known as ______________________. these cells have whip - like tails called ________________ that wave to create water currents through a sponge, drawing water into the ________________. some sponges can control the amount of water that passes through by contracting and relaxing their ________________. as water travels through the canals in a sponge, the choanocytes trap food with their ______________________. excess water and waste is pumped out the ________________. the choanocytes ________________ the food and pass the digested food to the ______________________. amoebocytes are a special type of cell that can ________________ through the mesohyl, delivering __________________ to other cells of the sponge.
sponges have _____________ possible body plans. ________________ sponges have the largest surface area for absorption thanks to canals and cavities. ________________ sponges have short canals and a small surface area. __________________ have more extensive canals than asconoid sponges.
word bank #2
□amoebocytes □asconoid □cells □choanocytes □digest □flagella □holdfast □leuconoid □mesohyl □microvilli □move □nutrients □nutrients □osculum □ostia □oxygen □pinacocytes □porocytes □sclerocytes □spicules □spongin □spongocoel □spongocytes □syconoid □three

Explanation:

Sponges are simple multicellular organisms. Spongin is the soft - flexible collagen protein in some sponges made by spongocytes. Spicules are in harder sponges made by sclerocytes. Pinacocytes are the outer - layer cells with mesohyl inside. The large central cavity is the spongocoel and holdfast anchors them. Sponges get oxygen and nutrients from water, with choanocytes having flagella to create water currents through ostia. They can control water flow with porocytes, trap food with microvilli, expel waste through osculum, digest food with choanocytes and pass digested food to amoebocytes which can move and deliver nutrients. There are three body plans: asconoid, syconoid, and leuconoid with different canal and surface - area characteristics.

Answer:

1. Spongin
2. Spongocytes
3. Spicules
4. Sclerocytes
5. Pinacocytes
6. Mesohyl
7. Cells
8. Spongocoel
9. Holdfast
10. Oxygen
11. Nutrients
12. Choanocytes
13. Flagella
14. Ostia
15. Porocytes
16. Microvilli
17. Osculum
18. Digest
19. Amoebocytes
20. Move
21. Nutrients
22. Three
23. Leuconoid
24. Asconoid
25. Syconoid