Question

the principal of a school would like to know whether smoking is an issue on campus. students are asked to fill out a survey with questions asking whether they have smoked or seen other students smoke on campus. students names and email addresses are recorded when they fill out the form. what type of bias is this?
convenience sample
nonresponse
response bias
voluntary response

Explanation:

Response bias occurs when factors like recording personal info (names, emails) influence how respondents answer. Here, students may not answer truthfully about smoking (a sensitive topic) due to fear of identification, leading to response bias. Convenience sample is about easy - to - reach samples, nonresponse is about non - participation, and voluntary response is self - selected participation, none of which fit as well as response bias here.

Answer:

Response Bias