Question

question 4
1 pts
after a volcanic eruption, what is the first step in re - establishing life in the area?
a. animals migrate back to the land
b. soil forms when pioneer species break down rock
c. shrubs and trees provide shade
d. nutrients return from decomposing animals
a
b
c
d
question 5
1 pts
nutrient cycles (6 questions)

Explanation:

After a volcanic eruption, the area is bare rock. Pioneer species like lichens and mosses colonize the rock first. They secrete acids that break down the rock over time, starting the process of soil - formation. Without soil, plants cannot grow properly and animals cannot inhabit the area. So soil formation by pioneer species is the first step in re - establishing life.

Answer:

B. Soil forms when pioneer species break down rock