Question

questions 1 through 9 refer to the following. (the following passage is excerpted from a speech delivered by a united states statesman in 1930.) warned by the disaster of the last great war, the statesmen of all nations have been taking measures to prevent the return of another such calamity. these measures may not constitute an absolute guarantee of peace, but, in my opinion, they constitute the greatest preventive measures ever adopted by nations. it is not to be expected that human nature will change in a day; perhaps it is too much to expect that the age - old institution of war, which has darkened the centuries, been recognized by international law as a sovereign right and has been adopted by nations. there is the league of nations, which has been functioning for ten years and which, i am sure, has been most beneficial in adjusting many difficult international problems; the pact of paris, arbitration treaties; conciliation treaties; and the court of international justice, and i might add that commendable progress has been made toward reduction of armament. each one of these treaties is a step for the maintenance of peace, an additional guarantee against war. it is through such machinery that the disputes between nations will be settled and war prevented. it is not my intention today to discuss the pact of paris, which has passed into history; perhaps i should not say it has passed into history, but has been cemented in the foundations of the nations organic law, as a solemn pledge not to go to war for the settlement of their disputes - a pledge which was entered into voluntarily and backed by the united sentiment of the peoples of the world and one which i am convinced the nations intend to carry out in absolute good faith. it was inspired by the determination of peoples not to be again afflicted with the horrors of such an appalling catastrophe. it was inspired by the memory of dreadful devastated lands, ruined homes, and the millions of men and women sacrificed in that awful struggle. it was not an ordinary treaty entered into by nations to serve some temporary advantage, like treaties of amity or alliances; it was a sacred promise between all nations and to all peoples of the world not to go to war for the settlement of their differences; to use a common phrase, to “outlaw” war; to make it a crime against the law of nations so that any nation which violate it should be condemned by the public opinion of the world. in the second and third sentences of the second paragraph (it was inspired... that awful struggle.), the author represents the pact of paris as a a temporary solution to a long - standing problem b the unexpected outgrowth of a volatile situation c the hopeful result of traumatic experiences d the culmination of lengthy deliberations mark for review

Explanation:

The passage discusses the Pact of Paris, which was inspired by the horrors of war and the hope to prevent future conflicts. It is presented as a positive development, the result of past traumas and the desire for peace.

Answer:

C. the hopeful result of traumatic experiences