Question

the raw materials in biotechnology

1. which of the following are monosaccharides?

cellulose, sucrose, glucose, lactose, fructose, maltose, glycogen, amylopectin.

1. which of the following are complex carbohydrates?

cellulose, sucrose, glucose, lactose, fructose, maltose, glycogen, amylopectin.

1. which of the following molecules are proteins that function as hormones?

estrogen, insulin, actin, myosin, amylase, pepsin, human growth

1. which of the following molecules work as enzymes?

estrogen, insulin, actin, myosin, amylase, pepsin, human growth

1. use the amino acids below and identify the amino group (red), central carbon atom (green), carboxyl group (blue), r(residue) group in yellow.

alanine
serine
tryptophan

1. what distinguishes one amino acid from the other?
2. use the chart of amino acid and identify the following amino acids by their chemical property: polar, hydrophobic, negative, positive charged, sulfur to make disulfide bonds

a. histidine: ________ alanine: ________
b. leucine: ________ phenylalanine: ________
c. tyrosine: ________ glutamine: ________
d. arginine: ________ aspartic acid: ________
e. methionine: __________

1. write the name of the dna:
2. list the components of a nucleotide:

Explanation:

Step1: Recall monosaccharide definition

Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates. Glucose and fructose are monosaccharides.

Step2: Recall complex carbohydrate definition

Complex carbohydrates are polymers of monosaccharides. Cellulose, glycogen and amylopectin are complex carbohydrates.

Step3: Identify protein - hormones

Insulin and human growth hormone are proteins that function as hormones.

Step4: Identify enzymes

Amylase and pepsin are enzymes.

Step5: Identify amino - acid components

Based on amino - acid structure, identify the amino group, central carbon, carboxyl group and R - group.

Step6: Understand amino - acid differences

The R - group is what makes each amino acid unique.

Step7: Classify amino acids by property

Use knowledge of amino - acid chemistry to classify them.

Step8: Recall DNA name

DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid.

Step9: Recall nucleotide components

A nucleotide has a nitrogen - containing base, a deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate group.

Answer:

1. Glucose, fructose
2. Cellulose, glycogen, amylopectin
3. Insulin, human growth hormone
4. Amylase, pepsin

5.

• For Alanine: Amino group ($\text{-NH}_2$) - red, Central carbon atom - green, Carboxyl group ($\text{-COOH}$) - blue, R - group ($\text{-CH}_3$) - yellow
• For Serine: Amino group ($\text{-NH}_2$) - red, Central carbon atom - green, Carboxyl group ($\text{-COOH}$) - blue, R - group ($\text{-CH}_2\text{OH}$) - yellow
• For Tryptophan: Amino group ($\text{-NH}_2$) - red, Central carbon atom - green, Carboxyl group ($\text{-COOH}$) - blue, R - group (the complex ring - containing structure) - yellow

1. The R - group

7.

• a. Histidine: Positive charged; Alanine: Hydrophobic
• b. Leucine: Hydrophobic; Phenylalanine: Hydrophobic
• c. Tyrosine: Polar; Glutamine: Polar
• d. Arginine: Positive charged; Aspartic acid: Negative charged
• e. Methionine: Sulfur to make disulfide bonds

1. Deoxyribonucleic acid
2. A nitrogen - containing base, a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group