Question

read the passage. there are several questions about this passage.
european papermaking came to the american colonies in the late seventeenth century. although most paper made today is produced from wood pulp, paper in colonial days was made from cotton and linen fibers.
from paper
the history of paper offers insight into why the colonists wanted independence from britain. a coin, a paper mill, a newspaper—whatever it was that the colonists wanted, the crown often prohibited it. and then the british tried to earn revenue by taxing the goods the colonists were forced to import from england because local production was stifled.
in 1764, the british, looking for revenues in an economic recession that had hit both england and the colonies, proposed the stamp act. this required all american colonists to pay a tax on every piece of printed paper, including shipping documents, legal documents, books, pamphlets, newspapers, broadsides, and even playing cards. the tax did not cost the average colonist a great deal, but they objected to the principle of the new legislation. the stamp act went beyond the normal practice of regulating commerce: it was a fund - raising measure, and one that was being done without the consent of local legislatures.
but for newspaper publishers, the stamp act was a true hardship. it assessed a halfpenny on each copy of a newspaper printed on what was termed “half a sheet.” if a newspaper used a larger format, it was assessed a penny per copy. the act also charged two cents for an advertisement—and some of these ads only earned three cents—and a halfpenny for each copy of a pamphlet. an additional tax on publishing in foreign languages killed a thriving german - language press in pennsylvania. lawyers, whose documents were also taxed, were harmed by the stamp act as well, and together, newspaper publishers and lawyers led a successful campaign to repeal the act. the experience also pushed the newspaper publishers into taking a pro - independence stance, which was critical in winning over public opinion for the revolution.
the stamp act was repealed before it did any real harm. the british were sensitive to the americans’ political objections to it, but not to the economic hardship that it would have created. they then reasoned that since the americans objected to internal taxes levied from england, they would raise money via port levies instead. in 1767, the british chancellor of the exchequer, charles townshend, promoted a piece of legislation that placed added taxes on various british goods that the americans imported, including glass, lead, painters’ pigments, tea—and paper. townshend’s legislation passed into law, and the british established a bureau in boston to enforce the new duties.
one american response to the townshend act, first suggested in 1767 and broadly promoted by newspapers the following year, was to boycott british goods. the movement started in the north and quickly caught on in the south.
this question has two parts. answer part a, and then answer part b.
part a
what does the passage indicate was another colonial response to the townshend act, in addition to the boycott of british goods?

1. the colonists began looking for new ways to make paper.
2. the colonists immediately began preparing for the coming war.
3. the colonists refused to allow the british to collect taxes in port cities.
4. the colonists opened factories to make goods that previously were imported.

part b
which excerpt from the passage best supports the correct answer from part a?

1. “in 1767, the british chancellor of the exchequer, charles townshend, promoted a piece of legislation that placed added taxes on various british goods that the americans imported, including glass, lead, painters’ pigments, tea—and paper. townshend’s legislation passed into law, and the british established a bureau in boston to enforce the new duties.” (paragraph 4)
2. “the movement started in the north and quickly caught on in the south.” (paragraph 5)
3. “new york newspapers declared that those who bought british goods were ‘enemies to their country.’ in philadelphia, newspapers preferred the phrase ‘an enemy to the liberties of america.’” (paragraph 5)
4. “in 1769 the first type made in america was cut and cast in killingworth, connecticut.”

Explanation:

For Part A, the passage implies that in addition to boycotting British goods, the colonists opened factories to make goods that were previously imported as a response to the Townshend Act. This is consistent with the idea of colonists trying to become self - sufficient and reduce dependence on British imports. For Part B, the excerpt "In 1769 the first type made in America was cut and cast in Killingworth, Connecticut" shows the colonists' efforts to produce goods locally, which supports the answer in Part A.

Answer:

Part A: 4. The colonists opened factories to make goods that previously were imported.
Part B: 4. "In 1769 the first type made in America was cut and cast in Killingworth, Connecticut"