Question

1. recent biochemical evidence divides all organisms into three domains: bacteria, archaea, and eukarya. previously, bacteria and archaea were viewed as one group. which statement best describes why bacteria and archaea have been placed into separate domains?

a. bacteria live in extreme environments and archaea do not.
b. they have differences in the biochemical makeup of their cell walls.
c. archaea do not resemble bacteria when viewed under the microscope.
d. archaea were found to contain organelles, separating them from bacteria.

1. a group of scientists discovered a new organism with the following characteristics:

• eukaryotic
• nonvascular
• reproduces by spores
• heterotrophic
• cell walls contain chitin

based on these characteristics, this new organism should be classified in what kingdom?
a. protista
b. plantae
c. fungi
d. animalia
use the following cladogram to answer the following question.
cladogram image: lamprey, shark, salamander, lizard, tiger, gorilla with traits: jaws, lungs, dry skin, hair, no tail
raits separate the shark from the lizard?
options partially visible: and lungs, and dry skin, il and dry skin, and hair

Explanation:

Question 4:

• Option A is incorrect because Archaea (not Bacteria) are known for extreme environments.
• Option B is correct: Bacteria have peptidoglycan in cell walls, while Archaea do not, a key biochemical difference justifying separate domains.
• Option C is incorrect; they look similar under a microscope.
• Option D is incorrect; neither Bacteria nor Archaea have organelles.

Question 5:

• Option A (Protista) is incorrect; protists do not universally have chitin cell walls or fit all traits.
• Option B (Plantae) is incorrect; plants are autotrophic and have cell walls of cellulose.
• Option C (Fungi) is correct; fungi are eukaryotic, nonvascular, spore-reproducing, heterotrophic, and have chitin cell walls.
• Option D (Animalia) is incorrect; animals lack cell walls.

Question 6:

From the cladogram, sharks have jaws and lungs but lack dry skin. Lizards inherit jaws and lungs, and also have the derived trait of dry skin. So lungs and dry skin are the traits separating them.

Answer:

1. B. They have differences in the biochemical makeup of their cell walls.
2. C. Fungi
3. lungs and dry skin