Question

science 14 (sk3 – analyze and interpret)
name: __________________________

1. how do animals get chemical energy?

1. label the producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, and tertiary consumer in the food chain below:

image of pine needles → grub → yellow warbler → hawk

1. the following food chain is incorrect: sparrow → hawk → seeds. explain why it is incorrect. draw the correct food chain.

Explanation:

Question 8

Animals obtain chemical energy by consuming food (organic matter from plants or other animals) and then performing cellular respiration. During respiration, the food (like glucose) is broken down in cells, and the chemical energy stored in the food's bonds is converted into usable energy (ATP) for the animal's metabolic processes.

• Producer: Organisms that make their own food (usually via photosynthesis), so pine needles (part of a pine tree, a plant) are producers as they perform photosynthesis.
• Primary Consumer: Organisms that eat producers (herbivores or detritivores), so grub (eats pine needles) is a primary consumer.
• Secondary Consumer: Organisms that eat primary consumers (carnivores or omnivores that eat herbivores), so yellow warbler (eats grub) is a secondary consumer.
• Tertiary Consumer: Organisms that eat secondary consumers (top - level carnivores in a simple food chain), so hawk (eats yellow warbler) is a tertiary consumer.

1. Why incorrect: In a food chain, energy flows from producers (autotrophs that make food) to consumers (heterotrophs that eat other organisms). Producers (like plants that make seeds) should be at the start, then primary consumers (that eat producers), then secondary consumers (that eat primary consumers), etc. In "sparrow → hawk → seeds", the direction is wrong: seeds (producer - related, as they come from plants) should be eaten by sparrow (primary consumer), and sparrow eaten by hawk (secondary consumer), not the other way.
2. Correct food chain: Producers (seeds come from plants, so the plant or seeds as the start) are eaten by primary consumers, then secondary consumers. So the correct chain is: seeds (or the plant that makes seeds) → sparrow → hawk. (If we consider seeds as part of the producer - plant, the chain is plant (seeds) → sparrow → hawk.)

Answer:

Animals get chemical energy by consuming food (plants or other animals) and breaking it down via cellular respiration to release energy from the chemical bonds of organic molecules (e.g., glucose) into ATP for their use.

Question 9