Question

section b: atoms, ions, and bonding
b1) complete the table. show that you understand how charge relates to protons and electrons.

particle	charge	location (atom)	what changing it does
neutron	______	______	changes the isotope (mass)
electron	______	______	changes the ion (charge)

b2) in 1 - 2 sentences, explain the difference between a neutral atom and an ion.
answer:
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
______
b3) if an atom has 12 protons and 10 electrons, what is its charge? show your reasoning.
work:
_____________________________________________________________________
answer: __________

section c: water’s properties
c1) complete the comparison table using examples.

property	definition (in your words)	example
adhesion	______	______
hydrogen bonding	______	______
solvent (polarity)	______	______

c2) data practice: a student observes water in three situations. match the best term.

situation	best term (choose one)
a meniscus forms in a glass graduated cylinder.	cohesion / adhesion / hydrophobic / hydrophilic
water moves upward through a plant stem.	capillary action / hydrolysis / dehydration synthesis / ionic bond

Explanation:

B1)

Particle	Charge	Location (atom)	What changing it does
Neutron	\(0\) (or neutral)	Nucleus	Changes the isotope (mass)
Electron	\(-1\) (or negative)	Electron cloud (outside nucleus)	Changes the ion (charge)

B2)

A neutral atom has an equal number of protons (positive charge) and electrons (negative charge, so their charges cancel out, resulting in a net charge of zero. An ion is an atom (or group of atoms) that has gained or lost electrons, so the number of protons and electrons is unequal, giving it a net positive or negative charge.

Step1: Recall charge of particles

Protons have a charge of \(+1\), electrons have a charge of \(-1\). Neutrons have no charge, so we ignore them here.

Step2: Calculate total positive charge

Number of protons = 12, so total positive charge = \(12\times(+1)= +12\)

Step3: Calculate total negative charge

Number of electrons = 10, so total negative charge = \(10\times(-1)= -10\)

Step4: Find net charge

Net charge = total positive charge + total negative charge = \(+12 + (-10)= +2\)

Answer:

A neutral atom has equal protons and electrons (net charge 0), while an ion has unequal protons and electrons (net positive/negative charge) due to electron gain/loss.

B3)