Question

section 1.8, continued macromolecule review
practice 2
answer the following questions about macromolecules. darken the circle or circles that correspond to your answer choice(s).

1. which of the following accurately describes how carbohydrates and lipids differ?

a lipids store energy, but carbohydrates do not.
b lipids contain nitrogen, but carbohydrates do not.
c carbohydrates are soluble in water, but lipids are not.
d carbohydrates are digested with enzymes, but lipids are not.

1. organic compounds are composed of a variety of elements. which of the following elements is always found in proteins but not in carbohydrates or most lipids?

a nitrogen b phosphorus c carbon d oxygen

1. nucleic acids are macromolecules, but are not considered true macronutrients. nucleic acids are similar to phospholipids in that they each also contain which element?

a potassium b phosphorus c sodium d sulfur

1. the enzyme lactase will break down milk sugar, called lactose, into glucose and galactose. glucose and galactose are examples of which of the following?

a amino acids b phospholipids c steroids d monosaccharides

1. the enzyme lipase is produced in the pancreas to help digest fats in foods. the lipase breaks down the fats into which of the following?

a amino acids b nucleic acids c fatty acids d polypeptides

1. bromelain is a combination of two protease enzymes found in pineapples. protease enzymes break down proteins. which two products are bromelain likely to produce when breaking down proteins?

a amino acids b nucleic acids c fatty acids d polypeptides e monosaccharides f disaccharides

Explanation:

1. Lipids are better energy - storage molecules than carbohydrates. Carbohydrates and lipids are both digested by enzymes, carbohydrates are water - soluble in general forms and lipids are non - polar and insoluble in water, and neither typically contain nitrogen as a major component. So the answer is A as lipids store more energy per unit mass.
2. Proteins contain nitrogen in their amino - acid structure, while carbohydrates mainly consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and most lipids also lack nitrogen. So the answer is A.
3. Nucleic acids and phospholipids both contain phosphorus in their structure. Phosphorus is part of the phosphate group in both. So the answer is B.
4. Glucose and galactose are monosaccharides, the simplest form of carbohydrates. They are the building blocks of lactose. So the answer is D.
5. Lipase breaks down fats (triglycerides) into fatty acids and glycerol. So the answer is C.
6. Protease enzymes break down proteins into smaller polypeptides and amino acids. So the answers are A and D.

Answer:

1. A. Lipids store energy, but carbohydrates do not.
2. A. nitrogen
3. B. phosphorus
4. D. monosaccharides
5. C. fatty acids
6. A. amino acids, D. polypeptides