Question

a theory is a broad statement of scientific relationships or underlying principles that has been substantially verified through the testing of hypotheses. how is a theory different from a hypothesis?
○ a theory is based on facts while a hypothesis is based on laws.
○ a theory is based on empirical data while a hypothesis is based on anecdotal evidence.
○ a theory cannot be modified while a hypothesis may be constantly reworked/changed.
○ a theory has explanatory and predictive power while a hypothesis has neither of these things.

Explanation:

• Analyze each option:
• Option 1: Hypotheses are not based on laws, and theories are based on verified hypotheses (which are tested with data), so this is incorrect.
• Option 2: Hypotheses are tested with empirical data (not anecdotal), so this is incorrect.
• Option 3: Theories can be modified if new evidence arises, so this is incorrect.
• Option 4: A theory, after substantial verification, can explain phenomena and predict outcomes. A hypothesis is a tentative explanation to be tested, so it lacks the established explanatory and predictive power of a theory. This matches the definitions.

Answer:

D. A theory has explanatory and predictive power while a hypothesis has neither of these things. (Note: Assuming the options are labeled A - D in order as presented, with the last option being D. If the original labeling was different, adjust the identifier accordingly, but the text of the option is as above.)