Question

use this virtual enzyme lab to gain a greater understanding on how enzymes work. click “experiments” at the main menu: factors that affect enzyme action 6. what are three important influences to enzyme action? 7. what does it mean for an enzyme to become denatured? 8. how would you describe “optimal temperature” to a classmate? 9. how are enzymes affected by ph? (be specific.) 10. what does substrate concentration refer to? 11. what is the relationship between substrate concentration and enzyme activity? move through the animations until the end when you are asked to design an enzymatic machine. at the main menu, select “quiz” and answer the questions provided. write your score in the box.

Explanation:

1. Temperature, pH, and substrate concentration are key factors. Temperature affects the kinetic energy of molecules and enzyme - substrate interactions. pH can alter the charge of the enzyme's active site. Substrate concentration influences the frequency of enzyme - substrate collisions.
2. Denaturation means the enzyme loses its normal three - dimensional structure, usually due to extreme temperature or pH. This disrupts the active site and reduces or stops the enzyme's catalytic activity.
3. Optimal temperature is the temperature at which an enzyme has the highest activity. At this temperature, the enzyme's structure is most conducive to efficient binding with substrates and catalyzing reactions.
4. Enzymes have an optimal pH range. Deviations from this range can cause changes in the enzyme's structure, such as protonation or de - protonation of amino acid residues in the active site, reducing enzyme activity.
5. Substrate concentration refers to the amount of the substance upon which an enzyme acts, usually measured in moles per liter (mol/L) or other concentration units.
6. Initially, as substrate concentration increases, enzyme activity increases because more substrate - enzyme complexes can form. However, at high substrate concentrations, the enzyme becomes saturated, and further increases in substrate concentration do not increase the reaction rate.

Answer:

1. Temperature, pH, substrate concentration
2. Loss of normal 3 - D structure reducing or stopping catalytic activity
3. Temperature at which enzyme has highest activity
4. Have optimal pH range; deviations reduce activity
5. Amount of substance on which enzyme acts
6. Initially increases activity, then saturates