Question

vocabulary check
circle the word or phrase that best completes the statement.

1. segregation means “separation.” in mendel’s law of segregation, it is the

gametes / genes that are segregated, or separated.

1. “purebred” means a line of organisms that has uniform genetics / phenotype.

Explanation:

Question 11

Mendel's law of segregation states that during the formation of gametes (sex cells), the two alleles (genes) for a trait separate so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene. So it's the genes that are segregated (separated) to form gametes. Wait, no—wait, the law of segregation: the two copies of a gene (alleles) segregate (separate) from each other during the process of meiosis, so that each gamete carries only one copy. Wait, the question is "it is the gametes / genes that are segregated, or separated". Wait, the law of segregation: the alleles (genes) segregate, and this leads to gametes having one allele. Wait, maybe I got it wrong. Wait, the law of segregation: during gamete formation, the alleles (genes) for each trait segregate (separate) so that each gamete receives only one allele for each gene. So the genes (alleles) are segregated. Wait, but the options are gametes or genes. Wait, no—wait, the process: the two alleles (genes) in a parent cell segregate (separate) into different gametes. So the genes (alleles) are segregated, and the result is that each gamete has one. Wait, maybe the answer is genes? Wait, no, let's recall: Mendel's law of segregation: the two factors (genes) for a character segregate during gamete formation, so that each gamete gets one factor. So the genes (factors) are segregated. So the correct word is genes? Wait, no, wait the options are gametes or genes. Wait, maybe I made a mistake. Wait, the law of segregation: the alleles (genes) separate (segregate) from each other so that each gamete carries only one allele. So the genes are segregated (separated) into gametes. So the answer is genes? Wait, no, wait the question is "it is the gametes / genes that are segregated, or separated". So the subject of segregation is the genes (alleles) that are segregated. So the correct option is genes? Wait, no, maybe I'm confused. Wait, let's check: Mendel's law of segregation: "During the formation of gametes, the alleles (genes) for each trait segregate (separate) from each other, so that each gamete carries only one allele for each trait." So the genes (alleles) are segregated. So the answer is genes.

A purebred (or true - breeding) organism is one that has uniform genetics (genotype) for a particular trait or set of traits. The phenotype is the physical expression of the genotype, and a purebred line has a consistent genotype (genetics) which leads to a consistent phenotype, but the definition of purebred refers to having uniform genetics (homozygous for the relevant genes). So "uniform genetics" is the correct phrase.

Answer:

1. genes

Question 12