Question

if we have a large voluntary response sample consisting of weights of subjects who chose to... of having a voluntary response sample? choose the correct answer below.
a. no, a graph cannot help to overcome the deficiency. if the sample is a bad sample, there are no graphs or other techniques that can be used to salvage the data sampling technique.
b. yes, a graph can help to overcome the deficiency. certain graphs that hide any specific values in the data, such as pie charts, can be used to hide...
c. yes, a graph can help to overcome the deficiency. any graph that is given with a sufficiently accurate description of any deficiencies in the sampling...
d. no, a graph cannot help to overcome the deficiency. before graphing, all inaccurate values and outliers must be removed from the data set.

Explanation:

A voluntary response sample (people self - select to participate) is inherently biased. Graphs are used to represent data, but they can't fix the bias in the sampling method. If the sample is biased (like voluntary response samples are), graphs just represent that biased data and don't overcome the sampling deficiency. Option A says no, a graph can't overcome the deficiency, which is correct. Option B is wrong because graphs don't fix sampling bias. Option C is wrong as graphs don't overcome sampling deficiencies (voluntary response is a sampling issue, not fixed by graphing). Option D's reasoning about removing values before graphing is not relevant to overcoming voluntary response sample bias.

Answer:

A. No, a graph cannot help to overcome the deficiency. If the sample is a bad sample, there are no graphs or other techniques that can be used to salvage the data sampling technique.