Question

what is the meaning of the word spurious as used in the passage? use the antonym valid as a context clue to help you determine the meaning. every year, americans spend billions of dollars on supplements that promise to improve their health and fitness levels. all too often, though, the manufacturers of these products make spurious claims about their effectiveness. the federal trade commission, in partnership with other government agencies, combats deceptive advertising by examining these products to ensure that the claims are valid. out of date or expired calculated or deliberate false or fake

Explanation:

The passage contrasts "spurious" with "valid". Valid means legitimate or true. So, spurious means the opposite, which is false or fake. The context of manufacturers making claims that the Federal Trade Commission checks for validity further supports this.

Answer:

false or fake