Question

which of the following is a biological effect of stress that leads to heart disease?
decreased blood flow and arterial constriction
cigarette smoking and high cholesterol
increased blood flow and arterial constriction
cigarette smoking and cancer

Explanation:

Stress - induced arterial constriction can reduce blood flow to the heart, increasing the risk of heart disease. Cigarette smoking and high cholesterol are risk factors but not direct biological effects of stress on the heart. Increased blood flow is not a typical stress - related factor leading to heart disease in this context. Cigarette smoking and cancer are not relevant to the biological effects of stress on heart disease.

Answer:

decreased blood flow and arterial constriction