Question

which of the following statements best expresses the argument alexander hamilton is making in the quotation below?
\laws are a dead letter without courts to expound and define their true meaning and operation.\ —alexander hamilton, the federalist no. 22, 1788
a. laws are of little use because congress does not understand what they mean
b. congress needs to carefully interpret the laws it passes to make them easily understood.
c. it is the responsibility of the courts to create laws for the good of the republic.
d. the government needs courts to explain and interpret laws.

Explanation:

Hamilton's quote states laws are ineffective without courts to explain and define their meaning and function. Option A incorrectly blames Congress, Option B focuses on Congress interpreting laws (not courts), Option C claims courts create laws (they interpret, not create). Option D matches the core of Hamilton's argument: courts are needed to explain and interpret laws so they are not useless.

Answer:

D. The government needs courts to explain and interpret laws.