Question

which has the most immediate effect on the progress of scientific research?
using dna databases to identify criminals
building new school labs to replace older ones
passing laws to prevent certain types of scientific research
funding social programs that provide health care to the poor

Explanation:

Laws can directly restrict or enable scientific research activities. Using DNA databases for criminal - identification is an application, building school labs is more of a long - term infrastructure support, and funding social health - care programs is unrelated to direct scientific research progress.

Answer:

C. passing laws to prevent certain types of scientific research