Question

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word bank:
same structure, different function shows common ancestry human arm/cat leg/whale fin
same function different structures seen in organisms not necessarily closely related
butterfly wing/bat wing structures evolved independently

1. which structure shows common ancestry?
2. which structure results from similar selection pressures (pressures put on by the environment)?
3. which structures evolved independently?
4. which structure is still present in organisms today but no longer serves a useful purpose?

for questions 5-10, match the structure with the correct type. a structure type may be used more than once.
anatomical structure

1. bat wing and mouse arm
2. reptile foot and bird foot
3. dolphin fin and fish tail
4. eyes on a blind cave fish
5. snake tongue and dog nose
6. appendix & wisdom teeth

structure type
a. homologous structure
b. analogous structure
c. vestigial structure

Explanation:

Question 1

Structures that show common ancestry are homologous structures (same structure, different function, like human arm, cat leg, whale fin). From the word bank and notes, "Human arm/cat leg/whale fin" is associated with showing common ancestry. Also, homologous structures (question 5 - 10 context) like these show common ancestry.

Structures from similar selection pressures are analogous structures (same function, different structure, seen in not closely related organisms, evolved independently). Examples like butterfly wing and bat wing. These result from similar environmental pressures (needing to fly) leading to similar functions but different structures.

Structures that evolved independently are analogous structures (same function, different structure, not closely related). From the notes, "structures evolved independently" is associated with same function different structures, like butterfly wing/bat wing. Also, analogous structures evolve independently due to similar selection pressures. So the answer is structures like butterfly wing/bat wing, or "Same Function different structures" or "Seen in organisms not necessarily closely related".

Answer:

Human arm/cat leg/whale fin (or homologous structures like bat wing and mouse arm as in question 5, but from the given word bank and initial notes, the example is Human arm/cat leg/whale fin)

Question 2