Question

write the definition & purpose of stomata here.

Explanation:

• Definition of Stomata: Stomata (singular: stoma) are small pores or openings, typically found on the surface (epidermis) of plant leaves, stems, and other aerial parts. Each stoma is bordered by two specialized epidermal cells called guard cells, which can open and close the pore.
• Purpose of Stomata:
• Gas Exchange: They facilitate the exchange of gases between the plant and the atmosphere. During photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide ($\ce{CO_2}$) from the air through stomata and release oxygen ($\ce{O_2}$) as a by - product. In respiration, plants take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide through these pores.
• Transpiration: Stomata are involved in the process of transpiration, where water vapor is released from the plant into the atmosphere. This process helps in the uptake of water from the roots (due to the transpirational pull), the transport of minerals from the roots to other parts of the plant, and also in cooling the plant.

Answer:

• Definition: Stomata are small pores on plant epidermal surfaces, bordered by guard cells, enabling pore opening/closing.
• Purpose: Facilitate gas exchange (take in $\ce{CO_2}$, release $\ce{O_2}$/$\ce{CO_2}$) and transpiration (water vapor release, aids water/mineral uptake, plant cooling).