Question

1. write the steps for dna replication based on the enzymes roles. 2. dna is antiparallel in structure. explain what it means for dna to be antiparallel.

Explanation:

1. Antiparallel in DNA: DNA has two strands. Antiparallel means one strand runs in the 5'-3' direction while the other runs in the 3'-5' direction. This is crucial for DNA structure and replication as it affects how enzymes interact with the strands.
2. DNA Replication Steps based on Enzyme Roles:

• Helicase: Unwinds and separates the DNA double - helix.
• Primase: Synthesizes short RNA primers on the template strands.
• DNA Polymerase: Adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand in the 5'-3' direction. On the leading strand, it can work continuously, while on the lagging strand, it synthesizes Okazaki fragments.
• Ligase: Joins the Okazaki fragments together to form a continuous strand.

Answer:

1. For DNA to be antiparallel, it means the two strands of the double - helix run in opposite directions, with one strand having a 5'-3' orientation and the other having a 3'-5' orientation.
2. Steps for DNA replication based on enzyme roles:

• Helicase unwinds the DNA double - helix.
• Primase creates RNA primers.
• DNA Polymerase adds nucleotides to form new strands.
• Ligase joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand.