Question

your hand writing.

1. what is a chemical formula?
2. what is the chemical formula for water, carbon dioxide, and methane?
3. what are the 7 elements essential for life?
4. what is the most reactive group of metals? why?
5. what is the second most reactive group of metals? why?
6. what is the most reactive group of nonmetals?
7. what is a bohr model?
8. draw a bohr model of nickel and iron.
9. what is a reactant?
10. what is a product?
11. what is formed when 2h2 reacts with o2?
12. what is the atomic mass of an atom?
13. what is the atomic number of an atom?
14. why are atoms mostly empty space?
15. what holds an atom together?
16. what is a period on the periodic table?
17. what is a group on the periodic table?
18. what is the periodic table of elements?
19. what is an atom?
20. what are the reactants and products of photosynthesis?
21. what bacteria convert toxic ammonia into nitrates in a fish tank?
22. what microorganisms help us digest our food?
23. what does the lorax highlight about ecosystems?
24. what does the lorax serve as a voice for?
25. what bacteria lives in your gut and helps break down food? la......................
26. what does prokaryote mean? give an example of a prokaryote.
27. why do viruses need a host cell? why do bacteria not need a host cell?

Explanation:

1. Defines chemical formula as element symbol/number notation.
2. Lists standard formulas for 3 compounds.
3. Names the 7 core life-essential elements.
4. Identifies group 1 metals and their valence electron trait.
5. Identifies group 2 metals and their valence electron trait.
6. Names the most reactive nonmetal group.
7. Describes Bohr's atomic structure model.
8. Outlines electron shell configurations for Ni and Fe.
9. Defines reactants as reaction starting substances.
10. Defines products as reaction end substances.
11. Notes the balanced reaction of H₂ and O₂.
12. Defines atomic mass as proton/neutron mass sum.
13. Defines atomic number as proton count.
14. Explains empty space from tiny nucleus vs. electron cloud.
15. Names the force holding atomic components together.
16. Defines periodic table periods as horizontal rows.
17. Defines periodic table groups as vertical columns.
18. Describes the periodic table as an element organization tool.
19. Defines atom as the smallest matter unit.
20. Lists photosynthesis reactants and products.
21. Names ammonia-converting bacteria in fish tanks.
22. Names gut microorganisms aiding digestion.
23. Summarizes The Lorax's ecosystem message.
24. States who/what The Lorax advocates for.
25. Names common gut bacteria aiding digestion.
26. Defines prokaryote and gives an example.
27. Explains virus vs. bacteria host dependence differences.

Answer:

1. A chemical formula is a shorthand notation using element symbols and numerical subscripts to represent the composition of a chemical compound or molecule.
2. Water: $\text{H}_2\text{O}$; Carbon dioxide: $\text{CO}_2$; Methane: $\text{CH}_4$
3. Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Sulfur (S), Calcium (Ca)
4. Group 1 (alkali metals). They have 1 valence electron, which is easily lost to form a stable +1 ion.
5. Group 2 (alkaline earth metals). They have 2 valence electrons that are readily lost to form stable +2 ions.
6. Group 17 (halogens)
7. A Bohr model is a simplified atomic model that depicts electrons orbiting the nucleus in fixed, discrete energy levels (shells).
8. - Nickel (atomic number 28): 2 electrons in the 1st shell, 8 in the 2nd, 16 in the 3rd, 2 in the 4th

• Iron (atomic number 26): 2 electrons in the 1st shell, 8 in the 2nd, 14 in the 3rd, 2 in the 4th

1. A reactant is a substance that participates in and is consumed during a chemical reaction.
2. A product is a new substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction.
3. Water ($\text{H}_2\text{O}$) is formed, per the reaction: $2\text{H}_2 + \text{O}_2

ightarrow 2\text{H}_2\text{O}$

1. The atomic mass is the total mass of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom, measured in atomic mass units (amu).
2. The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which uniquely identifies an element.
3. Atoms are mostly empty space because the tiny, dense nucleus occupies a tiny fraction of the atom's total volume, while electrons occupy a large, diffuse cloud around it with significant empty space between the nucleus and electron cloud.
4. The electrostatic attraction between the positively charged nucleus (protons) and negatively charged electrons holds an atom together.
5. A period is a horizontal row on the periodic table; elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells.
6. A group is a vertical column on the periodic table; elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons and similar chemical properties.
7. The periodic table of elements is a tabular arrangement of all known chemical elements, organized by their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties.
8. An atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element.
9. Reactants: Carbon dioxide ($\text{CO}_2$) and water ($\text{H}_2\text{O}$); Products: Glucose ($\text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6$) and oxygen ($\text{O}_2$)
10. Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter (nitrifying bacteria; Nitrosomonas converts ammonia to nitrites, Nitrobacter converts nitrites to nitrates)
11. Bacteria (e.g., E. coli, Bacteroides) and archaea in the gastrointestinal tract, collectively called gut microbiota.
12. It highlights the importance of protecting ecosystems from overexploitation, and the irreversible damage that can occur when natural resources are depleted without regard for environmental health.
13. The Lorax serves as a voice for the trees (and more broadly, all non-human elements of the natural environment that cannot speak for themselves).
14. Examples include Escherichia coli (E. coli), Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, and Lactobacillus species.
15. A prokaryote is a single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Example: E. coli (bacteria) or Sulfolobus (archaea)
16. Viruses need a host cell because they lack the cellular machinery (ribosomes, metabolic enzymes, etc.) to replicate or carry out metabolic processes on their own. Bacteria do not need a host cell because they are independent, single-celled organisms with their own cellular machinery to perform metabolism, growth, and replication.