Question

1. denaturation (3.3) define denaturation. explain how changes in ph and temperature can denature enzymes. 12. environmental impacts (3.3) sketch 3 graphs of the effects of temperature

Explanation:

Denaturation is the alteration of a protein's three - dimensional structure. Changes in pH can disrupt ionic and hydrogen bonds in enzymes (proteins), while temperature changes can break hydrogen and disulfide bonds. Higher temperatures increase molecular motion and can cause the enzyme's structure to unravel.

Answer:

Denaturation is the process by which a protein loses its native three - dimensional structure and function. Changes in pH can disrupt the ionic and hydrogen bonds that stabilize the enzyme's structure. For example, extreme pH values can protonate or deprotonate amino acid side chains, altering the charge distribution and thus the interactions within the enzyme. Temperature changes also affect enzyme structure. Increasing temperature increases the kinetic energy of the enzyme's atoms. At high enough temperatures, the increased motion can break hydrogen bonds and disulfide bridges that hold the enzyme in its active conformation, leading to denaturation.