15. what were the results of the spanish american war?

16. what items were used to adapt to the great plains?

17. how did the resolution of the 1876 presidential election aid in the ending of the reconstruction era?

18. why were factories located near rivers and railroads during the industrial revolution?

19. why were manufacturing areas (factories and warehouses) formed around centers of population in 1877?

20. pittsburgh specialized in what industry?

21. how did the progressive movement improve working conditions?

Question

15. what were the results of the spanish american war?

16. what items were used to adapt to the great plains?

17. how did the resolution of the 1876 presidential election aid in the ending of the reconstruction era?

18. why were factories located near rivers and railroads during the industrial revolution?

19. why were manufacturing areas (factories and warehouses) formed around centers of population in 1877?

20. pittsburgh specialized in what industry?

21. how did the progressive movement improve working conditions?

Accepted Answer

### Question 15
# Brief Explanations:
The Spanish - American War (1898) had several key results. Spain was defeated and was forced to cede territories. It gave up Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the United States, and also granted Cuba its independence (though with U.S. influence). The United States emerged as a global power with overseas territories.
# Answer:
- Spain was defeated.
- Spain ceded Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the U.S.
- Cuba gained independence (with U.S. influence).
- The U.S. became a global power with overseas territories.

### Question 16
# Brief Explanations:
To adapt to the Great Plains, several items were used. The steel plow was important for breaking the tough prairie sod. Barbed wire was used to fence in land for cattle and to protect crops from livestock. Windmills were used to pump water from underground for both people and animals. Sod houses were built as homes since there was a lack of timber. Also, the reaper (mechanical reaper) was used for harvesting crops more efficiently.
# Answer:
- Steel plow (to break prairie sod).
- Barbed wire (to fence land).
- Windmills (to pump water).
- Sod houses (for shelter).
- Mechanical reaper (for harvesting).

### Question 17
# Brief Explanations:
The 1876 presidential election was highly contested between Rutherford B. Hayes (Republican) and Samuel Tilden (Democrat). To resolve the election, a compromise was reached. The Compromise of 1877 stated that Hayes would become president, and in return, federal troops would be withdrawn from the Southern states (South Carolina, Louisiana, and Florida) that were still under federal occupation from the Reconstruction era. The withdrawal of these troops effectively ended the Reconstruction era as the South was left to govern itself, and many of the gains of Reconstruction for African - Americans were soon rolled back.
# Answer:
The Compromise of 1877 ended Reconstruction. Hayes became president, and federal troops were withdrawn from the South, allowing Southern states to end Reconstruction - era policies and roll back many gains for African - Americans.

### Question 18
# Brief Explanations:
During the Industrial Revolution, factories were located near rivers and railroads for transportation and power reasons. Rivers provided a source of water power to run machinery (especially in the early days of the Industrial Revolution with water - powered mills). They also served as a cheap and efficient way to transport raw materials (like coal, iron ore) to the factories and finished goods to markets. Railroads, on the other hand, could transport goods and materials over longer distances and to more places than rivers alone. They made it easier to get raw materials from distant mines or farms and to distribute finished products to a wider market. Also, railroads could transport perishable or heavy goods more quickly and reliably than other land - based methods at the time.
# Answer:
- Rivers: Provided water power for machinery and cheap transportation of raw materials and finished goods.
- Railroads: Enabled long - distance, efficient transport of raw materials and finished products to wider markets.

### Question 19
# Brief Explanations:
In 1877, manufacturing areas formed around population centers for several reasons. Population centers provided a large labor force. Workers were needed to man the factories and warehouses, and being near population centers meant easy access to a large pool of potential employees. Also, population centers were also markets. The people living in these centers would buy the finished goods produced in the factories, so being close to the market reduced transportation costs for selling the products. Additionally, infrastructure (like roads, utilities) was more developed in population centers, which made it easier to operate factories and warehouses.
# Answer:
- Labor: Population centers provided a large labor force for factories/warehouses.
- Market: Population centers were markets for finished goods, reducing distribution costs.
- Infrastructure: Better - developed infrastructure in population centers supported manufacturing.

### Question 20
# Brief Explanations:
Pittsburgh specialized in the steel industry. It had access to rich coal and iron ore deposits. The coal was used as fuel in the steel - making process, and the iron ore was a key raw material. The development of the Bessemer process and other steel - making technologies, combined with the transportation advantages (like access to rivers for transporting materials), made Pittsburgh a major steel - producing center.
# Answer:
Steel industry

### Question 21
# Brief Explanations:
The Progressive Movement improved working conditions in several ways. Progressives pushed for laws to regulate working hours, for example, the passage of laws that limited the number of hours women and children could work. They also advocated for better safety regulations in factories, leading to the passage of laws that required factories to have safer working environments (like fire safety measures, proper ventilation). Unions gained more support during the Progressive era, and collective bargaining allowed workers to negotiate for better wages, hours, and working conditions. Also, Progressive reformers exposed the harsh working conditions in industries (through muckraking journalism), which led to public outcry and pressure on businesses to improve conditions.
# Answer:
- Regulated hours: Laws limited working hours (e.g., for women/children).
- Safety regulations: Improved factory safety (e.g., fire safety, ventilation).
- Union support: Unions used collective bargaining for better conditions.
- Muckraking: Exposed harsh conditions, leading to public pressure for change.

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