Question

1. a typical biochemical reaction could take hours or days to occur without an enzyme compared to how long with an enzyme? 19. how did the enzyme affect the rate of metabolism in the animation? questions for the digestion video reading: 20. enzymes break down food small enough to fit into our a. what two places does amylase come from in the body? b. why does amylase work well in the stomach, not able to function in the small intestine? c. looking at the chart at the end of the video, notice how enzymes break down polymers, biomolecules down into the 21. activation energy is energy needed to start a chemical reaction. an enzyme speeds up a reaction by lowering the 22. label the missing parts of the graph. (two boxes) 23. most biochemical reactions work best at what temperature? 24. what happens when an enzyme is at a temperature that is too high? 25. use this image to describe and label why water is a polar molecule. 26. draw a line between the two water molecules - showing the parts that are attracted to each other. 27. using this diagram as a guide - explain the difference between adhesion and cohesion of water. 28. because water can dissolve substances so easily, it is important in biochemical reactions. what are the names of two important reactions given as examples?

Explanation:

1. Enzymes lower activation energy, so reactions occur faster. Without them, reactions would be extremely slow or not occur at all.
2. Amylase in digestion breaks down starches into smaller sugars. Its presence affects digestion rate.
3. a. Amylase in saliva starts starch digestion in mouth. b. It breaks down large food molecules into smaller ones for absorption. c. It works well in mouth's environment but may not function optimally in stomach due to pH changes. d. Enzymes break polymers (like starches) into monomers (sugars).
4. Activation energy is the energy needed to start a reaction. Enzymes lower it.
5. The graph shows substrate on x - axis and products on y - axis. The peak represents activation energy. The part before the peak is reactants, after is products.
6. Enzymes work best at an optimal temperature. Higher or lower temperatures can decrease their activity.
7. High temperatures can denature enzymes, changing their shape and making them non - functional.
8. Water is polar due to uneven electron distribution. Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, creating partial charges.
9. Cohesion is water molecules being attracted to each other due to hydrogen bonding. Adhesion is water molecules being attracted to other substances.
10. Water's ability to dissolve substances is due to its polarity. It can surround and separate ions and polar molecules.
11. Examples of important biochemical reactions: cellular respiration (glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy) and photosynthesis (carbon dioxide + water + light energy → glucose + oxygen).

Answer:

1. Reactions would be extremely slow or not occur.
2. Affects the rate of digestion of starches.
3. a. Starts starch digestion in mouth. b. Breaks large food molecules into smaller ones for absorption. c. Works well in mouth but not in stomach due to pH. d. Breaks polymers into monomers.
4. Energy needed to start a reaction; enzymes lower it.
5. Substrate on x - axis, products on y - axis; peak is activation energy; before peak is reactants, after is products.
6. Activity decreases at non - optimal temperatures.
7. Enzymes denature and lose function.
8. Uneven electron distribution; oxygen more electronegative than hydrogen.
9. Cohesion: water - to - water attraction; Adhesion: water - to - other substances attraction.
10. Due to its polarity, it can surround and separate ions and polar molecules.
11. Cellular respiration, photosynthesis.