activity 2 write about the requirements for, and products of, photosynthesis
look at figure 7 and answer the questions below.
figure 7 how photosynthesis takes place
1. what type of energy is represented by the part numbered 1?
2. identify the gases numbered 2 and 3. where does the gas numbered 3 come from?
3. what is the part numbered 4?
4. what happens in the cells when the parts numbered 3 and 4 meet in the cells?
5. write down the word equation for photosynthesis.
6. the sugars that are produced during photosynthesis are transformed into other chemical compounds. give the names and functions of two examples of these chemical compounds.
7. explain in your own words what happens to the plant at night.
8. what is the biological importance of photosynthesis for the ecosystem?

Question

Accepted Answer

### Question 1:
# Brief Explanations:
Part 1 shows energy from the sun, so it's light (solar) energy.
# Answer:
The type of energy represented by part 1 is light energy (or solar energy).

### Question 2:
# Brief Explanations:
- Gas 2: Plants release oxygen during photosynthesis, so gas 2 is oxygen.
- Gas 3: Plants take in carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide comes from the atmosphere (exhaled by animals, released by burning, decomposition, etc.).
# Answer:
- Gas 2: Oxygen.
- Gas 3: Carbon dioxide.
- Source of gas 3: Carbon dioxide comes from the atmosphere (e.g., exhaled by animals, released by decomposition, combustion, or respiration of other organisms).

### Question 3:
# Brief Explanations:
Part 4 is absorbed by roots, which is water (from the soil).
# Answer:
Part 4 is water (absorbed by the plant’s roots from the soil).

### Question 4:
# Brief Explanations:
When carbon dioxide (3) and water (4) meet in plant cells (chloroplasts), photosynthesis occurs. Light energy is used to convert them into glucose (sugar) and oxygen. Specifically, the light - independent reactions (Calvin cycle) use carbon dioxide and the hydrogen/energy from water (after light - dependent reactions) to make glucose.
# Answer:
When carbon dioxide (3) and water (4) meet in the plant’s cells (in chloroplasts), photosynthesis occurs. The light energy (from part 1) is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose (a sugar) and oxygen. More specifically, in the chloroplasts, the carbon dioxide and the hydrogen (and energy) derived from water (after the light - dependent reactions of photosynthesis) are used in the light - independent reactions (Calvin cycle) to synthesize glucose.

### Question 5:
# Brief Explanations:
Photosynthesis uses light energy, carbon dioxide, and water to make glucose and oxygen. The word equation is: Carbon dioxide + Water $\xrightarrow[	ext{Chlorophyll}]{	ext{Light energy}}$ Glucose + Oxygen
# Answer:
The word equation for photosynthesis is:
$	ext{Carbon dioxide} + 	ext{Water} \xrightarrow[	ext{Chlorophyll}]{	ext{Light energy}} 	ext{Glucose} + 	ext{Oxygen}$

### Question 6:
# Brief Explanations:
- Example 1: Starch. Function: Starch is a storage compound. Plants store excess glucose as starch in roots, stems, leaves, or seeds. It can be broken down later to release energy when needed.
- Example 2: Cellulose. Function: Cellulose is used to make the cell wall of plant cells. It provides structural support and rigidity to the plant, helping it maintain its shape and withstand physical forces.
# Answer:
- Example 1: Starch
  Function: Starch is a storage compound. Plants store excess glucose as starch in various parts (e.g., roots, stems, seeds) to use as an energy source later (when broken down).
- Example 2: Cellulose
  Function: Cellulose is used to build the plant’s cell walls. It provides structural support and rigidity, helping the plant maintain its shape and withstand mechanical stress.

### Question 7:
# Brief Explanations:
At night, there is no light, so photosynthesis stops. However, respiration continues. The plant takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide as it breaks down stored glucose (e.g., starch) to release energy for its metabolic processes (like growth, repair, maintaining cell functions).
# Answer:
At night, since there is no light, photosynthesis stops. However, the plant still carries out respiration. It takes in oxygen from the air (or surrounding environment) and breaks down stored glucose (or other energy - rich compounds like starch) to release energy. This energy is used for the plant’s metabolic processes such as growth, repair of cells, and maintaining essential cell functions. During respiration, the plant releases carbon dioxide as a waste product.

### Question 8:
# Brief Explanations:
- Energy flow: Photosynthesis captures light energy and converts it into chemical energy (in glucose), which enters the food chain. Producers (plants) are eaten by consumers, so energy is transferred.
- Oxygen production: It produces oxygen, which is essential for the respiration of most organisms (including animals, many microbes) and helps maintain the atmospheric oxygen - carbon dioxide balance.
- Carbon cycle: It removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and incorporates it into organic compounds (like glucose), helping regulate the carbon cycle and mitigate the greenhouse effect.
# Answer:
The biological importance of photosynthesis for the ecosystem is:
- **Energy Flow**: Photosynthesis captures light energy and converts it into chemical energy (stored in glucose). This energy enters the food chain when plants (producers) are consumed by herbivores, which are then eaten by carnivores, sustaining life in the ecosystem.
- **Oxygen Production**: It produces oxygen, which is essential for the respiration of most living organisms (e.g., animals, many bacteria, and fungi). Oxygen also helps maintain the balance of gases in the atmosphere.
- **Carbon Cycle Regulation**: Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and incorporates it into organic compounds (e.g., glucose). This helps regulate the carbon cycle, reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and mitigating the greenhouse effect.

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