Question

assessment
& key questions and terms
8.1 life is cellular
hs - ls1 - 2

1. despite differences in size and shape, at some point all cells have dna and a

a. cell wall. c. mitochondrion.
b. cell membrane. d. nucleus.

1. german scientists schleiden and schwann deter - mined that the basic unit of structure and function in living things is the

a. atom. c. cell.
b. molecule. d. nucleus.

1. what basic concept of biology includes the idea that new cells can be produced only by the divi - sion of existing cells?
2. how does a light microscope work?
3. why are microscopes useful tools in biology?
4. identify evidence that this micrograph is from a scanning electron microscope.
5. if you wanted to observe a living organism—an amoeba for example—which type of microscope would you use?
6. in what important way are prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells different?

8.2 cell structure
hs - ls1 - 1, hs - ls1 - 2

1. the portion of the cell outside the nucleus is called the

a. organelle. c. nucleolus.
b. cytoplasm. d. ribosome.

1. proteins are assembled on

a. ribosomes. c. lysosomes.
b. vacuoles. d. centrioles.

1. which of the following structures convert light energy into chemical energy stored in food?
2. which organelles are known as the “power plant of the cell because they transfer chemical energy from food to compounds the cell can use?

a. mitochondria
b. ribosomes
c. lysosomes
d. vacuoles

1. which two organelles are involved in the move - ment of a cell in its environment?

a. microtubules and centrioles
b. flagella and cilia
c. centrioles and the cell wall
d. cytoskeleton and lysosomes

1. identify the structural and functional differences between the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
2. how are the functions of vacuoles and lyso - somes different?
3. what is the process by which chloroplasts capture the sun’s energy and convert it into food that con - tains chemical energy?
4. what is the function of the golgi apparatus?
5. what is the function of the cytoskeleton?
6. describe the structure of the cell membrane.
7. for each of the following, indicate if the struc - ture is found only in eukaryotes, or if it is found in eukaryotes and prokaryotes: cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosome, golgi apparatus, nucleus, cytoplasm, and dna.

Explanation:

1. All cells have a cell - membrane. It is a fundamental feature.
2. Schleiden and Schwann determined the cell is the basic unit of structure and function.
3. The cell - theory includes the idea that new cells come from existing cells.
4. A light microscope uses lenses to magnify an image.
5. Microscopes are useful in biology to view small structures.
6. Scanning electron microscopes produce 3 - D, detailed images.
7. A light microscope is used to observe living organisms.
8. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, eukaryotic cells have one.
9. The portion outside the nucleus is the cytoplasm.
10. Proteins are assembled on ribosomes.
11. Chloroplasts convert light energy to chemical energy.
12. Mitochondria are the “power plants” of the cell.
13. Flagella and cilia are involved in cell movement.
14. Rough ER has ribosomes, involved in protein synthesis; smooth ER has no ribosomes, involved in lipid synthesis etc.
15. Vacuoles store materials, lysosomes break down waste.
16. Photosynthesis is the process in chloroplasts.
17. The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins.
18. The cytoskeleton provides cell shape and aids movement.
19. The cell - membrane is a phospholipid bilayer with proteins.
20. Cell membrane and DNA are in both; mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, nucleus are in eukaryotes only; ribosome and cytoplasm are in both.

Answer:

1. b. cell membrane
2. c. cell
3. Cell - theory
4. Uses lenses to magnify an image
5. To view small structures
6. Produces 3 - D, detailed images
7. Light microscope
8. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, eukaryotic cells have one
9. b. cytoplasm
10. a. ribosomes
11. b. Chloroplast
12. a. mitochondria
13. b. flagella and cilia
14. Rough ER has ribosomes, involved in protein synthesis; smooth ER has no ribosomes, involved in lipid synthesis etc.
15. Vacuoles store materials, lysosomes break down waste
16. Photosynthesis
17. Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins
18. Provides cell shape and aids movement
19. Phospholipid bilayer with proteins
20. Cell membrane: both; mitochondria: eukaryotes only; ribosome: both; Golgi apparatus: eukaryotes only; nucleus: eukaryotes only; cytoplasm: both; DNA: both