Question

besides famine during pregnancy, other environmental factors such as smoking nicotine can cause demethylation (removal of methyl groups) of portions of dna responsible for cell division. the result of this demethylation is shown in the model below.
effects of demethylation on lung cells
a. using evidence from the model describe how the disruption of the flow of information affects lung cells with demethylated dna.
insulin resistance performance cluster
prostaglandins: one of the most important molecules you never heard of
when cells experience trauma and are damaged, they quickly communicate this damage to nearby cells. one way this is accomplished is by the release of chemical messengers known as prostaglandins. prostaglandins signal cells to respond with inflammation and pain (the inflammatory response). this, in turn, tells the organism that something is wrong.
prostaglandins are produced by human cells present in multiple body systems. these include white blood cells, cells of blood vessels, and cells of the digestive tract. these cells produce c-enzymes. these enzymes signal the cells to produce prostaglandins. the model to the right illustrates this process.
c-enzymes are present in cells in different forms, including c-1 and c-2. both forms are expressed in different tissues at different levels.
ribbon models are often used to illustrate the physical structure of molecules. the ribbon models on the next page represent the two different forms of the c-enzyme that produce prostaglandins.

Explanation:

For the demethylation question: As DNA demethylation increases (moving from methylated to fully demethylated), the normal lung cell progresses through early, intermediate, and finally late-stage tumor. This disruption of DNA methylation (a key part of gene regulation/information flow) removes controls on cell division, leading to uncontrolled growth and tumor development.

Answer:

Increasing DNA demethylation disrupts the normal regulatory information flow in lung cells. This removes the molecular controls on cell division, causing the cells to progress from a normal state to an early stage tumor, then intermediate stage tumor, and finally a late stage tumor as demethylation becomes more extensive.