Question

cell labeling - endomembrane system
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2.
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11.
rough er / smooth er / nucleus / golgi apparatus / ribosome
cis face of golgi apparatus / trans face of golgi apparatus
proteins / transport vesicle / cisternae / nuclear pore
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• describe the process by which proteins are made and then exported from the cell.

Explanation:

The endomembrane system includes several organelles involved in protein synthesis and transport. Proteins are synthesized on ribosomes attached to the rough ER. They are then modified and folded in the ER. Transport vesicles carry the proteins from the ER to the cis - face of the Golgi apparatus. In the Golgi, proteins are further modified, sorted, and packaged. Transport vesicles then bud off from the trans - face of the Golgi and carry the proteins to their final destinations, which can be secretion outside the cell or to other organelles within the cell. Based on typical cell structures and functions related to the endomembrane system, we can label the diagrams.

Answer:

For the first diagram:

1. Nucleus
2. Nuclear Pore
3. Rough ER
4. Transport Vesicle
5. Ribosome
6. Cis face of Golgi Apparatus
7. Transport Vesicle
8. Proteins
9. Golgi Apparatus
10. Trans face of Golgi Apparatus
11. Cistemae

For the second diagram (assuming similar structures as related to the endomembrane system):

1. Rough ER
2. Nucleus
3. Nuclear Pore
4. Smooth ER
5. Ribosome
6. Transport Vesicle
7. Golgi Apparatus
8. Cis face of Golgi Apparatus
9. Trans face of Golgi Apparatus

Process of protein synthesis and export:

1. Transcription occurs in the nucleus, producing mRNA.
2. mRNA exits the nucleus through nuclear pores and attaches to ribosomes on the rough ER.
3. Ribosomes on the rough ER synthesize proteins.
4. Proteins are modified and folded in the rough ER.
5. Transport vesicles bud off from the rough ER and carry the proteins to the cis - face of the Golgi apparatus.
6. In the Golgi apparatus, proteins are further modified, sorted, and packaged.
7. Transport vesicles bud off from the trans - face of the Golgi apparatus.
8. If the proteins are destined for secretion, the transport vesicles fuse with the cell membrane and release the proteins outside the cell.