Question

6 cell structures and organelles
key idea: organelles can be identified from their specific features.
this activity requires you to summarize information about the components of a typical eukaryotic cell. complete the table using the list provided and by referring to other pages in this chapter. the first organelle has been completed for you as a guide and the log - scale of measurements (next page) illustrates the relative sizes of some cells and cell structures. list of components: nucleus, ribosome, centrioles, mitochondrion, lysosome (given), endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, plasma membrane (given), cell cytoskeleton, flagella or cilia (given), cellular junctions (given).
(a) name: plasma membrane
location: surrounds the cell
function: gives the cell shape and protection. it also regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
(b) name:
location:
function:
(c) name:
location:
function:
(d) name:
location:
function:
(e) name:
location:
function:
(f) name:
location:
function:

Explanation:

(b) The organelle shown is mitochondrion. It is located throughout the cell's cytoplasm. Its function is to produce energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration.
(c) The structure is part of the cell - cytoskeleton (microtubules). They are located throughout the cytoplasm. Their functions include maintaining cell shape, facilitating intracellular transport, and being involved in cell division.
(d) The organelle is ribosome. It can be found in the cytoplasm (free - ribosomes) or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (bound - ribosomes). Its function is to synthesize proteins by translating mRNA.
(e) The organelle is Golgi apparatus. It is located near the endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm. Its functions include modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or use within the cell.
(f) The structure is the nucleus. It is located at the center of the cell. Its functions include storing the cell's genetic material (DNA), controlling cellular activities through gene expression, and producing ribosomal subunits in the nucleolus.

Answer:

(b) Name: Mitochondrion
Location: Throughout the cytoplasm
Function: Produce ATP through cellular respiration
(c) Name: Microtubules (part of cell - cytoskeleton)
Location: Throughout the cytoplasm
Function: Maintain cell shape, intracellular transport, cell division
(d) Name: Ribosome
Location: Cytoplasm (free) or attached to endoplasmic reticulum (bound)
Function: Protein synthesis
(e) Name: Golgi apparatus
Location: Near endoplasmic reticulum in cytoplasm
Function: Modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids
(f) Name: Nucleus
Location: Center of the cell
Function: Store genetic material, control cellular activities, produce ribosomal subunits