chapter 7 – cell structure & function
1) what type of microscope is pictured below?

1) b: calculate total magnification on
high power: __400____
medium power:__100____
low power: __40_________

2) list the three principles of the cell theory?
- all cells _____________________________
- cells are the basic units of ____________ and ____________ of all living things.
- all living things are made of ____________________________________.
3) complete the venn diagram below indicating similarities and differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. (word bank: has a plasma membrane, has a nucleus, has genetic material, no nucleus, small, larger, membrane bound organelles, simple, has cytoplasm).
eukaryotes (list 3) similarities (list 3) prokaryotes (list 3)

4) list two main differences between plant and animal cells. include the terms chloroplast and cell wall.
5) what is the function of the mitochondria?
6) what is the function of the chloroplast?
7) function of a cell membrane:
8) what are the levels of organization of living things? (word bank: organism, tissue, cells, organ system, organ)
a. ______________ → ______________ → ______________ → _________ → __________
b. which is simplest? which is most complex?
simplest: most complex:
9) explain the main difference between active and passive transport.

Question

chapter 7 – cell structure & function
1) what type of microscope is pictured below?

1) b: calculate total magnification on
high power: __400____
medium power:__100____
low power: __40_________

2) list the three principles of the cell theory?
- all cells _____________________________
- cells are the basic units of ____________ and ____________ of all living things.
- all living things are made of ____________________________________.
3) complete the venn diagram below indicating similarities and differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. (word bank: has a plasma membrane, has a nucleus, has genetic material, no nucleus, small, larger, membrane bound organelles, simple, has cytoplasm).
eukaryotes (list 3) 		 similarities (list 3) 		 prokaryotes (list 3)

4) list two main differences between plant and animal cells. include the terms chloroplast and cell wall.
5) what is the function of the mitochondria?
6) what is the function of the chloroplast?
7) function of a cell membrane:
8) what are the levels of organization of living things? (word bank: organism, tissue, cells, organ system, organ)
 a. ______________ → ______________ → ______________ → _________ → __________
 b. which is simplest? which is most complex?
 simplest: 		 most complex:
9) explain the main difference between active and passive transport.

Accepted Answer

### Question 1
#### Part A: What type of microscope is pictured?
# Brief Explanations:
The microscope has a light source, ocular lens, and objective lenses (4x, 10x, 40x), typical of a compound light microscope.
# Answer:
Compound light microscope

#### Part B: Calculate total magnification
# Explanation:
Total magnification is ocular (10x) times objective.
## Step1: High power (40x objective)
$10	imes40 = 400$
## Step2: Medium power (10x objective)
$10	imes10 = 100$
## Step3: Low power (4x objective)
$10	imes4 = 40$
# Answer:
High power: 400, Medium power: 100, Low power: 40

### Question 2: Three principles of cell theory
# Brief Explanations:
Cell theory states: 1. All cells come from pre - existing cells. 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function of all living things. 3. All living things are made of one or more cells.
# Answer:
- All cells **come from pre - existing cells**
- Cells are the basic units of **structure** and **function** of all living things.
- All living things are made of **one or more cells**

### Question 3: Venn diagram (Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic cells)
# Brief Explanations:
- **Eukaryotes**: Have a nucleus, membrane - bound organelles, larger.
- **Similarities**: Have a plasma membrane, have genetic material, have cytoplasm.
- **Prokaryotes**: No nucleus, simple, small.
# Answer:
- Eukaryotes (list 3): has a nucleus, membrane bound organelles, larger
- Similarities (list 3): has a plasma membrane, has genetic material, has cytoplasm
- Prokaryotes (list 3): no nucleus, simple, small

### Question 4: Differences between plant and animal cells
# Brief Explanations:
Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts (for photosynthesis), animal cells do not. Also, plant cells have a large central vacuole, animal cells have smaller vacuoles (but the question asks to include cell wall and chloroplast).
# Answer:
1. Plant cells have a cell wall (provides structure), animal cells do not.
2. Plant cells have chloroplasts (for photosynthesis), animal cells do not.

### Question 5: Function of mitochondria
# Brief Explanations:
Mitochondria are the “powerhouse” of the cell, they perform cellular respiration to produce ATP (energy).
# Answer:
The function of mitochondria is to produce energy (ATP) for the cell through cellular respiration.

### Question 6: Function of chloroplast
# Brief Explanations:
Chloroplasts are found in plant cells and are the site of photosynthesis, where light energy is converted to chemical energy (glucose).
# Answer:
The function of chloroplast is to carry out photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy (glucose) for the plant.

### Question 7: Function of cell membrane
# Brief Explanations:
The cell membrane (plasma membrane) is selectively permeable, it regulates what enters and exits the cell, and also provides protection and support.
# Answer:
The cell membrane regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell, provides protection, and maintains cell structure.

### Question 8: Levels of organization of living things
# Brief Explanations:
The levels from simplest to most complex are: cells (basic unit), tissue (group of cells), organ (group of tissues), organ system (group of organs), organism (whole living thing).
# Answer:
a. $\boldsymbol{	ext{cells}}
ightarrow \boldsymbol{	ext{tissue}}
ightarrow \boldsymbol{	ext{organ}}
ightarrow \boldsymbol{	ext{organ system}}
ightarrow \boldsymbol{	ext{organism}}$
b. Simplest: cells; Most complex: organism

### Question 9: Difference between active and passive transport
# Brief Explanations:
Passive transport (e.g., diffusion, osmosis) moves substances from high to low concentration, no energy needed. Active transport moves substances from low to high concentration, requires energy (ATP).
# Answer:
The main difference is that passive transport does not require energy (moves substances down concentration gradient, high to low), while active transport requires energy (ATP) to move substances against the concentration gradient (low to high).

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QUESTION IMAGE

Question

Explanation:

Question 1

Part A: What type of microscope is pictured?

Step1: High power (40x objective)

Step2: Medium power (10x objective)

Step3: Low power (4x objective)

Answer:

Part B: Calculate total magnification