Question

cleared soil grasses shrubs softwood trees hardwood trees time ----> a. secondary succession began when lichens grew on bare rock. b. secondary succession occurred because the land contained soil suitable for plant growth. c. primary succession occurred because there were no plants growing in the abandoned farmland. d. primary succession occurred that resulted in shrubs, and then secondary succession occurred that resulted in tall trees.

Explanation:

Primary succession starts on bare rock with pioneer species like lichens. Secondary succession occurs in areas with existing soil. Here, since the process starts with cleared soil, it's secondary succession as the soil is suitable for plant growth.

Answer:

B. Secondary succession occurred because the land contained soil suitable for plant growth.