Question

commensalism - species benefits - the other species is not one way or the other - example: plants growing around without harming them ecological succession primary succession - starts from (no soil) - first species are and lichens - these help form - process is quick secondary succession - starts with already present - example: old field growing back - happens after disturbances like - faster than succession ecosystem stability inertia - the ability of an ecosystem to survive a moderate resilience - the ability to back from secondary succession - systems can reach points where resilience is lost population growth factors variables affecting population size - births and - immigration and population distribution patterns 1. clumped - living (good for protection) 2. uniform - evenly (good for resource use) 3. random - no particular range of tolerance - each species has a range for survival - optimum range - maximum - too high or too low temperatures - - diversity helps species survive temperature changes

Explanation:

Commensalism is a symbiotic relationship where one species benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed. Primary succession starts on bare rock (no - soil), with pioneer species like mosses and lichens that help form soil and is a slow process. Secondary succession starts with soil already present, like an old farm field growing back after disturbances such as fire. Inertia in an ecosystem is the ability to survive a moderate disturbance. Resilience is the ability to bounce back from secondary succession. Population size is affected by births and deaths, immigration and emigration. Clumped population distribution means living in groups, uniform is evenly spaced, and random has no pattern. Each species has a tolerance range for survival, with an optimum range for maximum growth. High or low temperatures can be stress factors, and genetic diversity helps species survive temperature changes.

Answer:

• Commensalism: One; affected; trees
• Ecological Succession - Primary Succession: Bare rock; Mosses; Soil; Slow
• Secondary Succession: Soil; Farm; Fire; Primary
• Ecosystem Stability - Inertia: Disturbance
• Resilience: Bounce; Threshold
• Population Growth Factors - Variables Affecting Population Size: Deaths; Emigration
• Population Distribution Patterns - Clumped: In groups; Uniform: Spaced; Random: Pattern
• Range of Tolerance: Tolerance; Growth; Stress; Genetic