Question

1. compare mitosis with meiosis in terms of the following properties (5 pts):

property\tmitosis\tmeiosis
a\tthe kind of cells in which it occurs.\t\t
b\twhat are the purposes of mitosis and meiosis?\t\t
c\twhether the cells are haploid or diploid at the beginning and at the end.\tbeginning:\tbeginning:
\t\tend:\tend:
d\thow many rounds of divisions?\t\t
e\tdo homologous chromosomes pair at the beginning? (yes? no?)\t\t
f\tin metaphase and anaphase stages, do homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids separate?\t\t
g\twhat are the product cells - identical to parental cells? identical to each other?\t\t

Explanation:

A. Mitosis occurs in somatic cells. Meiosis occurs in germ - cells.
B. Mitosis is for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction. Meiosis is for sexual reproduction, producing gametes.
C. Mitosis starts and ends with diploid cells. Meiosis starts with diploid cells and ends with haploid cells.
D. Mitosis has one round of division. Meiosis has two rounds of division.
E. Homologous chromosomes do not pair in mitosis. They pair in meiosis (synapsis).
F. In mitosis, sister chromatids separate in anaphase. In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes separate in anaphase I and sister chromatids separate in anaphase II.
G. Mitosis produces daughter cells identical to the parental cell and to each other. Meiosis produces non - identical daughter cells that are different from the parental cell.

Answer:

A. Mitosis: Somatic cells; Meiosis: Germ cells
B. Mitosis: Growth, repair, asexual reproduction; Meiosis: Sexual reproduction, gamete production
C. Mitosis - Beginning: Diploid; End: Diploid; Meiosis - Beginning: Diploid; End: Haploid
D. Mitosis: One round; Meiosis: Two rounds
E. Mitosis: No; Meiosis: Yes
F. Mitosis: Sister chromatids separate; Meiosis: Homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis I, sister chromatids separate in meiosis II
G. Mitosis: Identical to parental cells, identical to each other; Meiosis: Non - identical to parental cells, non - identical to each other