Question

complete the following data table rate of reaction.
environmental factors
affect
increases
high temperature
increasing temperature from cold to warm
lowering temperature

complete the graph below of a chemical reaction. draw two curves one with an enzyme and another without an enzyme. label the reactants, products, and activation energy. underneath the curve, in the box summarize the meaning of the graph.

which molecule is responsible for making a protein...?
which property of water provide energy and which one... temperature?
which property of water is responsible for the regulation...?
what properties of water are responsible for water moving...?
name all the plant structures involved in water... floats on water.
explain the scientific method and explain then...

Answer:

For the data table on environmental factors affecting reaction rate:

Step 1: Recall the effect of temperature on reaction rate

• For "High temperature": Enzyme - catalyzed reactions have an optimal temperature. Beyond that, high temperature can denature enzymes, but for non - enzyme reactions or before denaturation, generally, increasing temperature (including high temperature within a range) increases the kinetic energy of molecules, leading to more frequent and energetic collisions, so the reaction rate increases. So the affect is "Increases" (already given as a header, but for the factor "High temperature", the reaction rate increases.
• For "Increasing temperature from cold to warm": As temperature increases from cold to warm (towards the optimal temperature for enzymes or just increasing kinetic energy for non - enzyme reactions), the reaction rate increases because molecules move faster, collide more often and with more energy.
• For "Lowering temperature": Lowering temperature decreases the kinetic energy of molecules. They move slower, collide less frequently and with less energy, so the reaction rate decreases.

For the graph of chemical reaction energy:

Step 1: Understand activation energy

Activation energy ($E_a$) is the minimum energy that reactant molecules must possess to undergo a chemical reaction. Enzymes (biological catalysts) lower the activation energy of a reaction.

Step 2: Draw the curves

• Curve with enzyme: The curve will have a lower peak (activation energy) compared to the curve without enzyme. The reactants are on the left, then there is a peak (activation energy) and then the products are on the right. The difference in energy between reactants and products is the enthalpy change ($\Delta H$) of the reaction.
• Curve without enzyme: This curve will have a higher peak (higher activation energy) than the curve with enzyme.

Step 3: Label the parts

• Label the x - axis as "Reaction Progress" and y - axis as "Energy".
• Label the reactants, products, and activation energy for both curves. For the enzyme - catalyzed curve, label the lower activation energy, and for the non - enzyme curve, label the higher activation energy.

Step 4: Summarize the graph

The graph shows that enzymes lower the activation energy required for a chemical reaction to occur. The curve with the enzyme has a lower activation energy peak, meaning the reaction can proceed more easily (faster) with the enzyme compared to without it, while the overall energy change between reactants and products (enthalpy change) remains the same.

For the question about water properties/plant structures:

Step 1: Properties of water for making proteins

• Water is a polar molecule, which allows it to act as a solvent. It can dissolve many substances including the amino acids (building blocks of proteins) and help in their transport and interaction during protein synthesis. Also, water is involved in hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis reactions. Dehydration synthesis removes a water molecule to form a peptide bond between amino acids, and hydrolysis adds a water molecule to break peptide bonds.

Step 2: Property of water for temperature regulation

• Water has a high specific heat capacity. This means it can absorb or release a large amount of heat energy with a relatively small change in temperature. So, in organisms, water can help regulate temperature. For example, in plants, transpiration (evaporation of water from leaves) cools the plant as water absorbs heat to evaporate.

Step 3: Plant structures for water movement

• Root hairs: Increase the surface area of roots for water absorption from the soil.
• Xylem: Vascular tissue that transports water from roots to other parts of the plant.
• Stomata: Pores on leaves that allow for transpiration (water vapor loss) which also helps in pulling water up from the roots (transpiration - cohesion - tension mechanism).
• Cell walls (of plant cells): Provide structural support and also are involved in the movement of water through the apoplast pathway (water movement between cells through cell walls and intercellular spaces).

Step 4: Property of water for floating

• Water has a high surface tension and also, ice is less dense than liquid water. But for water floating on water? Maybe a typo, if it's an object floating on water, the property is buoyancy related to water's density. If it's ice floating on water, ice is less dense than liquid water because of the hydrogen bonding structure in ice, which forms a lattice that spaces out the water molecules more, making ice less dense.

Since the problem involves biological concepts (enzymes, plant structures, water properties in biological systems), the subfield is Biology (under Natural Science).

Final Answers (for each part):

• Data Table:
• High temperature: Increases reaction rate.
• Increasing temperature from cold to warm: Increases reaction rate.
• Lowering temperature: Decreases reaction rate.
• Graph: Enzyme - catalyzed reaction has lower activation energy; non - enzyme has higher. Reactants → (activation energy peak) → Products. Enzymes lower $E_a$.
• Water and Protein/Regulation/Plant Structures:
• Protein synthesis: Water as solvent, in dehydration/hydrolysis.
• Temperature regulation: High specific heat.
• Plant water movement: Root hairs, xylem, stomata, cell walls.
• Floating (ice on water): Ice less dense than liquid water.