Question

the construction of wind farms has affected the migratory patterns of some bird populations. bird populations have been noted to no longer increase and sometimes even decrease in these areas. what is this known as?
a density - dependent limiting factor
a population - independent factor
a density - independent limiting factor
a population - dependent limiting factor

Explanation:

Density - independent limiting factors affect populations regardless of their density. The construction of wind farms is an example of a human - made environmental change that impacts bird populations in a way that is not related to the density of the bird population itself. Density - dependent factors are related to population density like competition and predation. Population - independent and population - dependent are not standard ecological terms for such factors.

Answer:

C. a density - independent limiting factor