Question

correctly match the terms and definitions from this chapter below.
solute concentration is the same as that inside the cell; no net water movement across the plasma membrane choose
solute concentration is less than that inside the cell; cell gains water choose
the region along which the density of a chemical substance increases or decreases choose
the control of solute concentrations and water balance choose
solute concentration is greater than that inside the cell; cell loses water choose
diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane choose
the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane choose
the tendency for molecules to spread out evenly into the available space choose

Explanation:

To solve this matching problem, we use the definitions of key biological (cell transport and tonicity) terms:

1. “Solute concentration is the same as that inside the cell; no net water movement across the plasma membrane” → Isotonic solution (equal solute concentration, no net water flow).
2. “Solute concentration is less than that inside the cell; cell gains water” → Hypotonic solution (lower solute outside, water enters the cell).
3. “The region along which the density of a chemical substance increases or decreases” → Concentration gradient (defines the direction of diffusion based on chemical density change).
4. “The control of solute concentrations and water balance” → Osmoregulation (process of regulating solute and water levels, e.g., in cells/organisms).
5. “Solute concentration is greater than that inside the cell; cell loses water” → Hypertonic solution (higher solute outside, water leaves the cell).
6. “Diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane” → Passive transport (diffusion across membranes, no energy required; if it’s diffusion of a solute, it can also be Facilitated diffusion if protein - mediated, but “diffusion across a membrane” generally matches Passive transport or Simple diffusion; here, “diffusion of a substance” (not water) across a membrane is Passive transport (or Simple diffusion if no protein).
7. “The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane” → Osmosis (specific term for water diffusion across a semi - permeable membrane).
8. “The tendency for molecules to spread out evenly into the available space” → Diffusion (basic definition of diffusion: movement to equalize concentration).

Final Matches:

1. Isotonic solution
2. Hypotonic solution
3. Concentration gradient
4. Osmoregulation
5. Hypertonic solution
6. Passive transport (or Simple diffusion)
7. Osmosis
8. Diffusion

(Note: If a standard set of terms is provided in the chapter (e.g., from a textbook like Campbell Biology), these are the classic matches for each definition.)

Answer:

To solve this matching problem, we use the definitions of key biological (cell transport and tonicity) terms:

1. “Solute concentration is the same as that inside the cell; no net water movement across the plasma membrane” → Isotonic solution (equal solute concentration, no net water flow).
2. “Solute concentration is less than that inside the cell; cell gains water” → Hypotonic solution (lower solute outside, water enters the cell).
3. “The region along which the density of a chemical substance increases or decreases” → Concentration gradient (defines the direction of diffusion based on chemical density change).
4. “The control of solute concentrations and water balance” → Osmoregulation (process of regulating solute and water levels, e.g., in cells/organisms).
5. “Solute concentration is greater than that inside the cell; cell loses water” → Hypertonic solution (higher solute outside, water leaves the cell).
6. “Diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane” → Passive transport (diffusion across membranes, no energy required; if it’s diffusion of a solute, it can also be Facilitated diffusion if protein - mediated, but “diffusion across a membrane” generally matches Passive transport or Simple diffusion; here, “diffusion of a substance” (not water) across a membrane is Passive transport (or Simple diffusion if no protein).
7. “The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane” → Osmosis (specific term for water diffusion across a semi - permeable membrane).
8. “The tendency for molecules to spread out evenly into the available space” → Diffusion (basic definition of diffusion: movement to equalize concentration).

Final Matches:

1. Isotonic solution
2. Hypotonic solution
3. Concentration gradient
4. Osmoregulation
5. Hypertonic solution
6. Passive transport (or Simple diffusion)
7. Osmosis
8. Diffusion

(Note: If a standard set of terms is provided in the chapter (e.g., from a textbook like Campbell Biology), these are the classic matches for each definition.)