Question

document - based questions
scientists of the golden age made many advances in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. read the documents below, then answer the questions that follow.
document a
\the knowledge of anything, since all things have a measure, is not acquired or complete unless it is known by measure. therefore in medicine we ought to study the causes of sickness and health. and because the causes of sickness and their causes are sometimes obvious, and sometimes hidden and not to be known, and sometimes hidden and not to be known except by the study of symptoms, we must study the symptoms of health and disease.\

• from on medicine, by ibn sina

document b
\the eruption of the smallpox is preceded by a continued pain in the back, itching in the nose and terrors in the eyes. these are the more peculiar symptoms of its approach, especially a pain in the back with fever;... and heaviness of the head; inquietude, nausea and vomiting. with this difference that the inquietude, nausea and vomiting are more frequent in the measles than in the small - pox while on the other hand, the pain in the back is more peculiar to the smallpox than to the measles)....\

• from treatise on smallpox, by muhammad al - razi

document c
the diagram of the human eye comes from an arabic medical text written around 1200.
document d
\arab physician ibn al - nafiss authoritative observations of anatomy and physiology are unlikely to have been founded on human dissections, as his grounding in sharia law would have dictated otherwise. other authors refute this conclusion, citing the prevalent practice of using the corpses of criminals to study disease as well as the strong belief among muslims that anyone who undertook dissection was also increasing their faith in god.... \the enormous impact of al - razi, ibn sina, and al - nafis originated in their willingness to draw from the wisdom of others—hellenic, roman and indian medical lore—and then to review and critique this wisdom, aided by their own experimentation and observations. in turn, their prodigious written records and later translations laid the foundations on which medicine was to thrive in the renaissance period.\

• from \a trio of exemplars of medieval islamic medicine: al - razi, avicenna and ibn al - nafis,\ ritu lakhtakia

1. documents a and b both stress the need to

a. understand the causes of diseases.
b. understand the symptoms of diseases.
c. find effective treatments for diseases.
d. relieve the symptoms of diseases.

1. what document c tells us about muslim medical knowledge is that

a. muslim doctors had the ability to draw accurate diagrams.
b. muslim doctors drew diagrams that were not very accurate.
c. muslim doctors aimed for a detailed knowledge of the bodys structure.
d. muslim doctors were better than modern doctors at treating the eye.

1. with which statement about muslim medical knowledge would the author of document d most agree?

a. it was based on both prior learning and first - hand study.
b. it was based on strict adherence to sharia law.
c. it had little influence outside the muslim world.
d. it was less advanced than that of india or europe.

1. writing task describe the way that muslim physicians approached the study and treatment of disease. use specific evidence from the documents above, along with information from this topic, to support your answer.

Explanation:

1. Document A mentions studying symptoms of health and disease as causes are sometimes hidden. Document B details symptoms of small - pox and measles. So both emphasize understanding disease symptoms.
2. The presence of a detailed diagram of the human eye in an Arabic medical text around 1200 implies that Muslim doctors aimed for detailed knowledge of the body's structure.
3. Document D states that the impact of al - Razi, Ibn Sina, and al - Nafis originated from their willingness to draw from the wisdom of others and then review and critique it, aided by their own experimentation and observations, meaning it was based on prior learning and first - hand study.
4. Muslim physicians combined prior knowledge from various sources like Hellenic, Roman, and Indian medical lore (Document D) with their own study of symptoms (Document A and B) and possibly anatomical studies (suggested by Document C's eye diagram).

Answer:

1. B. understand the symptoms of diseases.
2. C. Muslim doctors aimed for a detailed knowledge of the body's structure.
3. A. It was based on both prior learning and first - hand study.
4. Muslim physicians approached the study and treatment of disease by integrating knowledge from different cultures (such as Hellenic, Roman, and Indian medical lore as mentioned in Document D) with their own observation of symptoms (as seen in Documents A and B) and possibly anatomical studies (implied by the eye diagram in Document C).