Question

an effect of frequent fighting in the middle east was
many kidnappings.
many deaths.
many countries becoming communist.
many stoppages in oil production.

Explanation:

Frequent fighting in the Middle - East often leads to loss of life due to direct combat, collateral damage, and lack of access to medical care. Kidnappings can occur but are not the most direct and common effect. The Middle - East has not seen a trend of many countries becoming Communist due to fighting. While fighting can disrupt oil production, loss of life is a more immediate and consistent effect.

Answer:

many deaths.