Question

examine this image of bacteria cells.
which of the following statements best describes a mutualistic relationship between human health and certain types of
bacteria?
intestinal bacteria obtain nutrients from the gut and aid in human digestion.
bacteria in improperly prepared food are consumed by humans, causing food poisoning.
humans treat infections with antibacterial medication, which bacteria become resistant to.
invasive bacteria in an area of injury produce toxins that damage healthy tissues of the human body.
question 4 (multiple choice worth 3 points)
(06.01 mc)
a student cuts her hand during her gym class. the next day the cut is red and inflamed. what is the likely cause?
antibiotic resistance near the cut
regression of bacteria numbers
antibiotic skin adherence
immune response to bacterial toxins

Explanation:

First Question (Mutualistic Relationship)

Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit. Let's analyze each option:

• Option 1: Intestinal bacteria get nutrients (benefit) and aid digestion (human benefits) → mutualism.
• Option 2: Bacteria cause food poisoning (harm to human, bacteria benefit? No, it's a harmful relationship for human, not mutualistic).
• Option 3: Bacteria become resistant (bacteria benefit, human is trying to treat, no benefit to human here) → not mutualistic.
• Option 4: Bacteria damage tissues (harm to human, bacteria benefit? No, harmful to human) → not mutualistic.

When a cut is red and inflamed, it's an immune response. Bacteria in the cut (from gym environment) produce toxins, and the immune system responds (redness, inflammation) to fight them. Let's analyze options:

• Option 1: Antibiotic resistance isn't indicated here (no antibiotic use mentioned).
• Option 2: Bacteria numbers would increase, not regress, in an infected cut.
• Option 3: Antibiotic skin adherence isn't related to inflammation from a cut.
• Option 4: Immune response to bacterial toxins: Bacteria in the cut release toxins, immune system reacts (inflammation, redness) → matches.

Answer:

A. Intestinal bacteria obtain nutrients from the gut and aid in human digestion.

Second Question (Infected Cut)