Question

foldables
make a layered - look book using the titles shown. use it to organize your notes on phases of mitosis.
mitosis phases and cytokinesis
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
cytokinesis
think it over

1. describe what happens to the chromatids during metaphase?

get it?

1. summarize the role of the spindle apparatus during cell division.

take a look

1. identify what does the cell still need to do at the end of telophase?

what happens at the end of prophase?
as prophase continues, the nucleolus seems to disappear. structures called spindle fibers form in the cytoplasm. in animal and protist cells, centrioles migrate to opposite ends, or poles, of the cell. star - shaped aster fibers come out of the centrioles. spindle fibers, centrioles, and aster fibers are all made of microtubules. these structures form the spindle apparatus which helps move and organize the chromosomes before cell division. centrioles are not present in plant cells.
as prophase ends, the nuclear envelope disappears. the spindle fibers attach to the sister chromatids of each chromosome on both sides of the centromere and attach to opposite poles of the cell. one spindle fiber connects the centromere to one pole of the cell. the other spindle fiber connects the centromere to the opposite pole of the cell. this ensures that each new cell gets one copy of the dna.
what happens during metaphase and anaphase?
during the second stage of mitosis, metaphase, the chromatids are pulled by motor proteins along the spindle apparatus toward the center of the cell. the chromatids line up in the middle, or the equator, of the cell. if metaphase is completed successfully, each daughter cell will have a copy of each chromosome.
during anaphase, the sister chromatids are pulled apart. the microtubules of the spindle apparatus shorten and pull at each centromere to separate into two identical chromosomes. at the end of anaphase, the microtubules move each identical chromosome toward the poles of the cell.
what happens during telophase?
telophase is the final stage of mitosis. during telophase, the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and begin to change back into chromatin. two new nuclear membranes form around each set of chromosomes, the nucleoli reappear, and the spindle apparatus is taken apart, as shown below.

Explanation:

1. During metaphase, motor - proteins pull chromatids along spindle apparatus to line up at cell's equator.
2. The spindle apparatus helps move and organize chromosomes before cell division, and in anaphase, its microtubules shorten to pull sister chromatids apart.
3. At the end of telophase, the cell still needs to undergo cytokinesis to divide the cytoplasm and form two separate daughter cells.

Answer:

1. Motor proteins pull chromatids to line up at the cell's equator.
2. Moves and organizes chromosomes before division; shortens to pull chromatids apart in anaphase.
3. Undergo cytokinesis to divide the cytoplasm.