Question

1. a group of students are interested in examining the potential effects of caffeine (from soda) on heart rate. one group of students hypothesizes that soda consumption will not have an effect on heart rate, while another group proposed an alternative hypothesis that soda consumption will increase heart rate. what data would be expected if the alternative hypothesis was supported?

Explanation:

The alternative hypothesis is that soda (caffeine) consumption increases heart rate. To support this, we'd expect data showing that individuals who consume soda have a higher average heart rate compared to those who don't (or compared to their own heart rate before consumption). For example, if we measure heart rates:

1. In a group of people before and after soda consumption, the after - consumption heart rates should be statistically significantly higher.
2. Or, when comparing a group that consumes soda (experimental group) and a group that doesn't (control group) at the same time, the experimental group's heart rate should be higher on average, with appropriate statistical tests showing the difference is not due to chance.

Answer:

If the alternative hypothesis (soda consumption increases heart rate) is supported, we would expect data such as: (1) In a pre - post test design, the average heart rate of individuals after consuming soda is significantly higher than their heart rate before consuming soda. (2) In a between - groups design, the average heart rate of the group that consumed soda (experimental group) is significantly higher than the average heart rate of the group that did not consume soda (control group), with statistical analysis (e.g., t - test, ANOVA) confirming the difference is not due to random chance.