Question

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Explanation:

These are key conclusions from Mendel's pea plant experiments on inheritance, followed by a monohybrid cross. The conclusions describe Mendel's early model of heredity, and the cross uses dominant (T, tall) and recessive (t, short) alleles.

1. Organisms have two heritable factors for each trait, one from each parent. Mendel called these factors alleles, which are variants of a gene.
2. For the pea plant cross:

• P₁ generation: True-breeding short plants are homozygous recessive (tt), true-breeding tall plants are homozygous dominant (TT).
• F₁ generation: Offspring inherit one allele from each parent, making them heterozygous (Tt), which all show the dominant tall trait.
• F₂ generation: When F₁ plants self-pollinate, the alleles segregate, producing genotypes TT, Tt, Tt, tt, resulting in the 3:1 tall-to-short phenotype ratio.

Answer:

Conclusion Boxes (top section):

• Each organism has two factors for each trait.
• One factor from the mother
• One factor from the father
• He named the factors alleles, the gene form of each variation of a trait.

Pea Plant Allele Boxes:

P₁ Generation:

• Short pea plant: $\boldsymbol{tt}$
• Tall pea plant: $\boldsymbol{TT}$

F₁ Generation:

• All tall pea plants: $\boldsymbol{Tt}$

F₂ Generation (parental alleles for cross):

• Left parent (F₁): $\boldsymbol{Tt}$
• Right parent (F₁): $\boldsymbol{Tt}$
• Resulting offspring genotypes (matches 3:1 ratio): $\boldsymbol{TT}$, $\boldsymbol{Tt}$, $\boldsymbol{Tt}$, $\boldsymbol{tt}$