important differences between rna and dna. • the 5-carbon sugar in rna is ribose instead of deoxyribose. • rna has a nitrogenous base called uracil instead of thymine. • rna is usually single-stranded, not double-stranded. select all the nucleotides that can be found in rna, but not dna. images of four nucleotide structures: (1) phosphate group, ribose, cytosine; (2) phosphate group, ribose, uracil; (3) phosphate group, deoxyribose, guanine; (4) phosphate group, deoxyribose, adenine

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# Brief Explanations:
1. Recall the differences between RNA and DNA nucleotides: RNA has ribose sugar and uracil, while DNA has deoxyribose and thymine.
2. Analyze each nucleotide:
   - Top - left: Has ribose and cytosine. Cytosine is in both RNA and DNA, so not unique to RNA.
   - Top - right: Has ribose and uracil. Uracil is only in RNA, and ribose is RNA's sugar. So this nucleotide (uracil - ribose - phosphate) is unique to RNA.
   - Bottom - left: Has deoxyribose and guanine. Deoxyribose is DNA's sugar, so this is a DNA nucleotide.
   - Bottom - right: Has deoxyribose and adenine. Deoxyribose is DNA's sugar, so this is a DNA nucleotide. Also, the top - left has ribose but cytosine (common), so the top - right is the one with uracil (RNA - specific base) and ribose (RNA - specific sugar). Wait, also the top - left: wait, no, the question is nucleotides in RNA but not DNA. So a nucleotide in RNA but not DNA must have either ribose (instead of deoxyribose) and/or uracil (instead of thymine). So the top - left: sugar is ribose (RNA), base is cytosine (found in both). So this nucleotide (cytidine - ribose - phosphate) is in RNA, but is cytosine also in DNA? Yes, cytosine is in both. So the nucleotide with uracil (top - right) and the one with ribose and cytosine? Wait no, the problem is to select all. Wait, let's re - check:

Nucleotides in RNA: made of ribose, phosphate, and bases (A, U, C, G).

Nucleotides in DNA: made of deoxyribose, phosphate, and bases (A, T, C, G).

So a nucleotide is in RNA but not DNA if:

- It has ribose (not deoxyribose) and a base that's U (since U is in RNA, T in DNA), or ribose with a base that's also in DNA but the sugar is ribose? Wait no, the question is "nucleotides that can be found in RNA, but not DNA". So a nucleotide is a unit of sugar + base + phosphate.

So:

- Top - left: sugar = ribose, base = cytosine. DNA has deoxyribose + cytosine, so this nucleotide (ribose - cytosine - phosphate) is in RNA, but is there a DNA nucleotide with deoxyribose - cytosine - phosphate? Yes. So this nucleotide is present in both? Wait no, the nucleotide structure: the sugar is ribose (RNA) vs deoxyribose (DNA). So the nucleotide with ribose (RNA sugar) and cytosine: is this nucleotide found in DNA? No, because DNA's sugar is deoxyribose. Wait, I made a mistake earlier. A nucleotide is defined by its sugar, base, and phosphate. So a nucleotide with ribose (sugar) + cytosine (base) + phosphate is a ribonucleotide (RNA), and a nucleotide with deoxyribose (sugar) + cytosine (base) + phosphate is a deoxyribonucleotide (DNA). So they are different nucleotides. Similarly, ribose + uracil + phosphate is a ribonucleotide (RNA), and deoxyribose + thymine + phosphate is a deoxyribonucleotide (DNA).

So let's re - evaluate each:

1. Top - left: Sugar = ribose (RNA), Base = cytosine. So this is a ribonucleotide (cytidine monophosphate, CMP in RNA). DNA has deoxycytidine monophosphate (dCMP) with deoxyribose. So this nucleotide (with ribose and cytosine) is in RNA but not DNA (since DNA's cytosine - containing nucleotide has deoxyribose).

2. Top - right: Sugar = ribose (RNA), Base = uracil (RNA - specific base). So this is uridine monophosphate (UMP), which is in RNA but not DNA (DNA has thymidine monophosphate with thymine and deoxyribose).

3. Bottom - left: Sugar = deoxyribose (DNA), Base = guanine. So this is deoxyguanosine monophosphate (dGMP), in DNA, not RNA (RNA has guanosine monophosphate with ribose).

4. Bottom - right: Sugar = deoxyribose (DNA), Base = adenine. So this is deoxyadenosine monophosphate (dAMP), in DNA, not RNA (RNA has adenosine monophosphate with ribose).

Wait, but the initial text said "Select all the nucleotides that can be found in RNA, but not DNA". So we need to check which nucleotides are present in RNA (so have ribose or uracil or single - stranded, but here it's about the nucleotide structure) and not in DNA.

So:

- Top - left: ribose (RNA sugar), cytosine (base). So this nucleotide is in RNA. Is it in DNA? DNA has deoxyribose + cytosine, so the nucleotide with ribose + cytosine is not in DNA (since DNA's cytosine - nucleotide has deoxyribose). So this is in RNA but not DNA.

- Top - right: ribose (RNA sugar), uracil (RNA - specific base). So this is in RNA but not DNA (DNA has deoxyribose + thymine).

- Bottom - left: deoxyribose (DNA sugar), guanine. So in DNA, not RNA.

- Bottom - right: deoxyribose (DNA sugar), adenine. So in DNA, not RNA.

Wait, but maybe the question considers that cytosine is present in both, but the nucleotide with ribose and cytosine is a different molecule than the one with deoxyribose and cytosine. So both top - left and top - right? Wait, let's check the original problem's options (the boxes). The top - left has a check? Wait, the user's image shows checkmarks, but maybe that's a mistake. Wait, the problem is to select all that are in RNA but not DNA.

So the key is:

- RNA nucleotides have ribose (sugar) and can have A, U, C, G.

- DNA nucleotides have deoxyribose (sugar) and can have A, T, C, G.

So a nucleotide is in RNA but not DNA if:

- It has ribose (not deoxyribose) and (base is U, or base is C/A/G but sugar is ribose (since DNA's C/A/G nucleotides have deoxyribose)).

Wait, but C, A, G are in both RNA and DNA, but their nucleotides differ by sugar. So the nucleotide with ribose + C is in RNA, and deoxyribose + C is in DNA. So they are different nucleotides. So both the top - left (ribose + C) and top - right (ribose + U) are in RNA but not DNA? But wait, the bottom two have deoxyribose, so they are DNA nucleotides.

But let's re - read the problem statement: "Select all the nucleotides that can be found in RNA, but not DNA."

So:

1. Top - left: sugar = ribose (RNA), base = cytosine. So this is a ribonucleotide (cytidine). DNA has deoxycytidine (deoxyribose + cytosine). So this nucleotide is in RNA but not DNA.

2. Top - right: sugar = ribose (RNA), base = uracil (RNA - specific). So this is uridine, in RNA but not DNA (DNA has thymidine with thymine and deoxyribose).

3. Bottom - left: sugar = deoxyribose (DNA), base = guanine. So deoxyguanosine, in DNA, not RNA.

4. Bottom - right: sugar = deoxyribose (DNA), base = adenine. So deoxyadenosine, in DNA, not RNA.

So the correct ones are the top - left and top - right? Wait, but maybe the question considers that cytosine is present in both, so the nucleotide with uracil (top - right) and the one with ribose and cytosine? Wait, no, the nucleotide with ribose and cytosine is a different molecule than the one with deoxyribose and cytosine. So both are in RNA but not DNA? But let's check the image again. The top - left has ribose (OH on 2' carbon) and cytosine. The top - right has ribose and uracil. The bottom two have deoxyribose (H on 2' carbon) and guanine/adenine.

So the nucleotides in RNA but not DNA are the ones with ribose (sugar) and either cytosine (since DNA's cytosine - nucleotide has deoxyribose) or uracil (since DNA has thymine). Wait, but cytosine is a base in both, but the nucleotide (sugar + base + phosphate) with ribose and cytosine is only in RNA, and with deoxyribose and cytosine is only in DNA. So both top - left and top - right? But maybe the question's intended answer is the top - right (uracil - containing) and top - left (cytosine - ribose - containing)? Wait, no, maybe I made a mistake. Let's recall: the three differences are sugar (ribose vs deoxyribose), base (U vs T), and strand (single vs double). So a nucleotide in RNA but not DNA must have either ribose (not deoxyribose) or uracil (not thymine), or both.

So:

- Top - left: ribose (not deoxyribose) and cytosine (base in both, but sugar is ribose). So this nucleotide is in RNA, not DNA (since DNA's cytosine nucleotide has deoxyribose).

- Top - right: ribose (not deoxyribose) and uracil (base not in DNA, DNA has thymine). So this nucleotide is in RNA, not DNA.

- Bottom - left: deoxyribose (DNA sugar) and guanine (base in both). So in DNA, not RNA.

- Bottom - right: deoxyribose (DNA sugar) and adenine (base in both). So in DNA, not RNA.

So the correct nucleotides are the top - left (cytosine - ribose - phosphate) and top - right (uracil - ribose - phosphate). But maybe the question's image has checkmarks, but the user is asking to select. Wait, the user's problem is to "Select all the nucleotides that can be found in RNA, but not DNA." So the answer should be the two with ribose (top - left and top - right), because:

- Top - left: sugar = ribose (RNA), base = cytosine. DNA has deoxyribose + cytosine, so this nucleotide (with ribose) is in RNA but not DNA.

- Top - right: sugar = ribose (RNA), base = uracil (RNA - specific). DNA has deoxyribose + thymine, so this nucleotide is in RNA but not DNA.

The bottom two have deoxyribose, so they are DNA nucleotides.

# Answer:
The nucleotides that can be found in RNA but not DNA are:

- The nucleotide with phosphate group, ribose, and cytosine (top - left).

- The nucleotide with phosphate group, ribose, and uracil (top - right).

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