Question

d. jean jacques rousseau
e. mary wollstonecraft

1. how did john locke and thomas hobbes views on social contracts differ from each other?
2. describe the economic issues france was experiencing between the american revolution and the start of the french revolution.
3. what was the purpose of the declaration of independence?
4. what kind of people made up the following estates and how much of the population did they represent:

• 1st estate
• 2nd estate
• 3rd estate

1. what did the 3rd estate rename themselves and what did they demand happen at the estates general in 1789?

Explanation:

These questions relate to historical and political concepts, requiring descriptive answers based on key historical facts and philosophical ideas.

Answer:

1. John Locke viewed the state of nature as peaceful with natural rights (life, liberty, property), and the social contract formed a government to protect these rights, with the people having the right to revolt if the government failed. Thomas Hobbes saw the state of nature as chaotic ("war of all against all"), requiring an absolute sovereign to enforce order via the social contract, with no right to revolt.
2. France faced massive debt from the American Revolution and wars, inefficient taxation (clergy/nobility exempt), poor harvests causing food shortages and inflation, and economic inequality between estates.
3. The purpose was to formally justify American colonies' separation from Britain, assert natural rights (life, liberty, pursuit of happiness), and list grievances against King George III to gain support for independence.
4. 1st estate: Clergy; ~1% of the population. 2nd estate: Nobility; ~2% of the population. 3rd estate: Commoners (bourgeoisie, peasants, workers); ~97% of the population.
5. The 3rd estate renamed themselves the National Assembly and demanded voting by head (rather than by order) at the Estates General.